How Women Are Portrayed On Advertising And The Second...

Kristin Nill Article Summary Assignment #1 1. State your topic area for the literature review project. Be as specific as you are able to at this time. The topic area that I would like to cover for my literature review project is the topic of how women are portrayed in advertising and the impact this has on women in society. 2. State the claim the study supports The scholarly article I am reviewing is a research article that did two separate examinations on the role of humor in gender stereotypes. The first one is the role of humor seen in television advertisements and the second looks at peoples attitudes toward humorous and non-humorous ads that have gender stereotypes in them and how that would affect a persons desire to buy. There has been a lot of research done on the gender stereotyping, especially on advertisement and the affect it has on society. The results of previous research find that gender stereotypes reinforce stereotypes in society leading to many negative consequences. This research supports the previous claims that gender stereotypes do have a negative impact on society but with the addition of seeing if and how humor plays a role in the gender stereotypes, both traditional and nontraditional, in advertisements. 3. Identify who did the study by including a proper in-text source citation. In this study Eisend, Plagemann, and Sollwedel (2014) look at both humorous and nonhumorous advertisements and the impacts they have on the different genders includingShow MoreRelatedWomen Objectification Of Women1524 Words   |  7 Pagesimage of females portrayed through advertising for the most part gives off a negative message to girls who struggle with body image and even women who want to look a particular way. The most negative message that advertising portrays is objectification of women and violence towards them. Women and girls need to recognize the true meaning behind the advertisements that we see in all aspects of media. They should not allow themselves to be objectified in any way, nor accept that this is the way the femaleRead MoreEssay on The Presentation of Women in Advertising Today1708 Words   |  7 PagesThe Presentation of Women in Advertising Today In this piece of coursework I will be looking at different adverts. Advertising products is very successful and powerful business. Everyday an average person watches and hears one thousand five hundred adverts. A thirty second weekday advert between seven, twenty six pm and eleven pm costs eighth hundred and seventy pounds per viewing. If the advert is shown five times between seven, twenty six and eleven pm every weekdayRead MoreThe Objectification and Dehumanization of Women in Advertisement1250 Words   |  5 Pagesgo; yet, we fail to realize the influence of the implications being sold to us on these advertisements, particularly about women. Advertisements don’t just sell products; they sell this notion that women are less of humans and more of objects, particularly in the sexual sense. It is important to understand that the advertising worlds’ constant sexual objectification of women has led to a change in sexual pathology in our society, by creating a culture that strives to be the unobtainable image ofRead MoreWhether It Is A Super Bowl Commercial Or Ad Campaign, United1728 Words   |  7 PagesOften, you can commercials picture women in skimpy clothing posing on a car or seductively eating a promotional burger. For example, in today’s world of 2016, we have seen shocking commercials like Go Daddy’s Super Bowl commercial in which Bar Refaeli, a sup ermodel, makes out with a stereotypical nerd on screen for several seconds. This is an uncomfortable, unconventional, and highly sexualized way to try to sell products to male consumers. 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I grew up with regular exposure to Dove soap advertising on television and in magazines, but until I read this case, I was unaware of Dove’s attempt of reach a new market with their recent campaigns targeting women who don t see themselves as fitting the image portrayed in the media. Dove’s use of internet forums to raise the question of beauty standards asRead MoreIs Anyone Exempt from the Influences of Advertising?12 46 Words   |  5 PagesMany people would argue that they personally feel exempt from the influences of advertising. But if this is the case, then why is the advertising industry grossing over $250 billion a year? The American living in the United States is typically exposed to over 3,00 advertisements in a single day, which means that he or she will spend two years of their lives watching television commercials. Advertisements are everywhere and we cannot avoid them. We see advertisements in schools, buildings, billboardsRead MoreChanges in Cigarette Advertistments Since the 20th Century Essay623 Words   |  3 PagesINTRODUCTION Advertising is a form of communication between producers and consumers attained through marketing which persuades, encourages or manipulates the consumer to be drawn to a certain good or service in order to increase recognition and promote sales. In order to successfully promote a good or a service, sellers use advertising techniques that have had to be altered and improved over time as fashion, values and standards of living change. Advertising research and marketing research worksRead MoreAdvertisement in the Digital Age Essay1159 Words   |  5 Pageseveryday life and we take our surroundings and the things we do for granted. Most would think that our routine life is just that a routine. Many do not know that the basic things we do are influenced by some form or another. From the time we wake up to the time we go to sleep, we are bombarded everyday by products that we perceived that we have chosen at our own accord but in reality was influenced through some form of persuasion b y means of merchandising or advertisement. Over our lifetime merchandising

Organizational Diversity And Cultural Diversity - 1582 Words

The hindrance of cultural struggles that encompass aspects of career growth may be the main reason there are different levels of organizational workforce satisfaction. Even though women have a much greater likelihood of leaving their position, current organization, the organizational cultural differences build high turnover rates. The cultural obstacles preventing occupational development and growth are the prime accounts used when women of all ages are dissatisfied and leaving a position (Cox Blake, 1991). Additionally, when organizations do not change the culture successfully, the competitive advantage of the organizational may produce a substantial disadvantage. Organizational cultural diversity is not restricted to the United States, but, companies from around the globe are embracing an organizational culture that positively affects their consumers (Cox Blake, 1991). Adding diversity and cultural diversity to any organization will add value to the organization. Creativity and innovations are the product of a positive organizational culture. Creating a comprehensive experience base to approach any organizational problem spurs an organizational decision-making and problem-solving culture. While a flexible intellectual structure appears to be likely within minorities and women of an organization, the fact both also have the capacity to outshine and out-performance within a flexible organizational culture (Cox Blake, 1991). Keeping the organizationalShow MoreRelatedDiscussing Cultural Assessment Tools For Organizational Culture And Diversity1027 Words   |  5 Pagesacross Cultures July 13, 2016 Corporate Culture Diversity in the Global Workplace All global organizations must merge diverse workgroups into cohesive, high performance global teams in order to adapt to environmental changes. This document will discuss cultural assessment tools used in assessing organizational culture and gaps within formal groups, leadership styles and techniques that influence social culture and diversity within formal workgroups, description of social culture thatRead MoreA Cultural Diversity Training Program1213 Words   |  5 Pagesorganizations, whose businesses deal with other countries, cultural diversity becomes more challenging. That is why it is important for organizations to create a cultural diversity training program to encourage employee from different backgrounds to come together and learn each other s belief system which can enhance the organization s ability to problem-solve. To do this successfully an organization needs to create an organizational climate that promotes a learning organization. Which learningRead MoreWorkplac e Diversity : The Visible Or Invisible Differences Among Employees Of An Organization1653 Words   |  7 PagesWorkforce Diversity defines the visible or invisible differences among employees of an organization and could be divided in to three major components such as Primary, Secondary and Organizational and Community. Factors such as Age, Gender, Sexual Orientation, Ethnicity represents Primary while Appearance, Educational Background, Marital Status, Work experience represents Secondary and Job position, Specialization, Nationality, Life stage represents Organizational and Community. In recent years, organizationsRead MoreWhat Strengths Of Organizational Leadership Presented By Sales And Marketing1635 Words   |  7 Pages(SS) Sheila Simmons lacks communications skills, and high job stress. 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The article expounded on how strategic human resource management can get the most out of workforce diversity via the universalistic, contingent and configurationalRead MoreLegal Implications Of Culture, Workforce Diversity And Diversity Management Essay969 Words   |  4 PagesImplications of Culture, Workforce Diversity and Diversity Management in a Global Environment Lindiwe Musekiwa Walden University Introduction Organizations, the world over, are embracing innovation in order to stay competitive by putting into action organizational management that includes, among others, culture, workforce diversity, and diversity management (Marsella, 2009). Although not much has been written about the interconnection of managing diversity (cultural, and workforce included)Read MoreValue of Diversity Paper1213 Words   |  5 PagesRunning head: VALUE OF DIVERSITY PAPER Value of Diversity Paper Cultural Diversity SOC/315 Value of Diversity in the Workplace In companies or corporations the global landscape now reflects diversity in the employees found in the workplace. Employees come from different backgrounds, geographic or global areas, ethnic and cultural origins, and have unique skills and talents. Individuals must work together and merge skills and manage diversity effectively in the workplace. Our thoughts, actionsRead MoreCultural Change Initiative - Timely, A Non Profit Organization1430 Words   |  6 PagesCultural Change Initiative – Timely, a Non-Profit Organization The organization I would like to lead in a cultural change is a non-profit I have been a volunteer at for over a year. In order to respect the privacy of this non-profit, I will refer to them by the name of Timely. In my time spent at Timely, I have noticed lack of diversity in the board members, employees, and volunteers. The non-profit works towards helping those from a diverse background and demographic. Therefore, I have thoughtRead MoreCultural Change Initiative : Timely, A Non Profit Organization1517 Words   |  7 Pages Cultural Change Initiative Mary Ann Damian March 27, 2016 Managing Diversity Professor Tamara Von George, PhD Granite State College Cultural Change Initiative – Timely, a Non-Profit Organization The organization I would like to lead in a cultural change is a non-profit I have been a volunteer at for over a year. In order to respect the privacy of this non-profit, I will refer to them by the name of Timely. In my time spent at Timely, I have noticed lack of diversity in the board membersRead MoreDiversity, Diversity And Culture Is The Most Important Strategy That Needs Be Address?1179 Words   |  5 PagesIn international business the topics of diversity and culture is one the most important strategy that needs be address. Making the decision to outsource for profit gain will not necessarily happen if preparation of cultural change is not in place first. What is values and a norms in a company’s country may be offensive to other social groups of people. For example, in Germany lack of attention to diversity and culture had a serious impacts on Walmart’s position. It build frustrations to both the

Installation Artwork Essay Example For Students

Installation Artwork Essay What are the characteristics of an installation? When is it first seen as an important art practice? Installation art is a term that became common in the I gags. It was used to describe a construction or collection made for a specific space and it was usually only intended to be temporary. Installations ever distinguished from the more traditional sculpture as a Separate object by its physical domination of the entire space. Installations art works, do not have to be 3 sculpture or a painting, it can also be photography, a digital piece, 3 reference or a drawing. Installation, not only require the sense of sight but, sometimes also the sense Of hearing and smell, these require the viewers interaction. Installation are particularly linked with movements during the asses and asses such as Pop art, Nouveau Rallies, minimalism. One Of the most influential of the artists involved with both Happenings and installations was Allan Capron; for his installation Words (New York, Smiling Gal. , 1961) he combined numerous sheets and rolls of paper containing random arrangements f words with music played by several record-players, allowing spectators to walk right through this chaotic jumble. In the late asses and asses installations became a favored form for artists working against the notion to an art piece being permanent and collectible. Installations assumed paramount importance, given the tact that in replacing the art object with an idea by its specific context, in such works the installation as a complete entity, rather than as a collection of objects. How does the concept of installation widen our ideas about art? The Void, Yves Klein (1958) Our ideas about art, are widen by the concept of installation, mainly due to a few factors. Firstly because installation art, not only appeals to the sense of sight, but may also appeal to other senses, and because that installation art is interactive, it means that art piece may be seen differently to different individuals. Another factor is that installations are not permanent, only temporary. Appropriation can also Widen our ideas about art. Gore example Yves Kelvins The Void (1958) was a presentation of the empty white interior of a commercial gallery. A year later another sculptor associated With Nouveau Rallies, Raman, created Fullness the same gallery interior by filling the space with rubbish so that it could be viewed only through the outside window. This shows that just by viewing a space from a different perspective can completely change the meaning. While in America, Class Oldenburg The Street and Jim Diners The House (1960), each assembled from discarded items found in the streets of the city, were closely linked to performance-art events known as Happenings, which also sought to expand the realm of art by drawing the audience into the physical environment as a total entity. Minimalists such as Dan Villain, changed the viewers perception of interior spaces through the precise placement of fluorescent light tubes of different colors, or Carl And, whose exhibitions outlook sculptures were designed in part to articulate the architectural setting in which they were housed. The choice of materials and site can be very important to the form and meaning of artworks. Discuss this in reference to the work of Joseph Buys and Jenny Holler Fat Chair, Joseph Buys (1964) The choice of materials and site are very important for installation artwork, as these two factors determine what the artist can invent in this area. Materials that are used in modern installation art can range from everyday and natural materials to new media such as video, sound, performance, virtual reality and the one Of the most influential, the internet. This can be seen in Jenny Holders projections, she mainly deals with words and ideas in public spaces. .ud796d5498f7774b48db45ae893732c66 , .ud796d5498f7774b48db45ae893732c66 .postImageUrl , .ud796d5498f7774b48db45ae893732c66 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud796d5498f7774b48db45ae893732c66 , .ud796d5498f7774b48db45ae893732c66:hover , .ud796d5498f7774b48db45ae893732c66:visited , .ud796d5498f7774b48db45ae893732c66:active { border:0!important; } .ud796d5498f7774b48db45ae893732c66 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud796d5498f7774b48db45ae893732c66 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud796d5498f7774b48db45ae893732c66:active , .ud796d5498f7774b48db45ae893732c66:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud796d5498f7774b48db45ae893732c66 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud796d5498f7774b48db45ae893732c66 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud796d5498f7774b48db45ae893732c66 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud796d5498f7774b48db45ae893732c66 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud796d5498f7774b48db45ae893732c66:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud796d5498f7774b48db45ae893732c66 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud796d5498f7774b48db45ae893732c66 .ud796d5498f7774b48db45ae893732c66-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud796d5498f7774b48db45ae893732c66:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Methods of Intelligence EssayIf these words and ideas were printed and stuck in an art gallery, they would not be as such powerful as they are on the street, on buildings. Mean while, Joseph Buys often chose symbolic materials, his most common being felt and fat, symbolizing healing and magic. Hollers use of LED tubes, was important to the form of her artworks, she would have had trouble displaying and getting her message across as effectively. Due to these factors, it makes the materials and site vital for installation artworks, because they have a huge influence upon the meaning deprived from viewing and interacting with the artwork,

Scopic regimes of modernity Essay Example

Scopic regimes of modernity Paper Centuries of studying visuality has given birth to several methods of visual analysis. These scopic regimes as defined by Jay are quite simply systems for organizing vision. This essay will focus on the two main systems discussed by Jay: Renaissance and Baroque. Both systems arose during similar time frames, and consequently contain some similarities. Yet, each approach is clearly different. Renaissances central themes of order, reason and Cartesian space are clearly in contrast to the themes of the Baroque system, which is far more spectacular and sensational. Images from each regime will be used to illustrate the differences between Renaissance and Baroque. The Renaissance period lasting between the 14th and 16th centuries was a stark cultural shift from the preceding Middle Ages. Born out of European culture notably Italian Renaissance means rebirth, which suggests how radical this period was for its time (Web Museum, 2004). The Renaissance denoted the rise of individual and social values, and strong growth in scientific exploration (Web Museum, 2004). The themes associated with this cultural period were transferred into Renaissance art, which is a defining period in visual history. Jay (1998, p. 4) asserts that the Renaissance or Cartesian perspectivalism, is often regarded as the dominant scopic regime for the modern era due to its representation of natural, realistic images. Renaissance is summarized by order, closure, and fixity according to Wollen (1993). Up until then, visual images of the Middle Ages did not represent the natural appearance of objects in real life. They included no sense of depth or realism. Renaissance art involved for the first time the consistent use of perspective vanishing points (see appendix 1), making the imagery of the period most realistic. We will write a custom essay sample on Scopic regimes of modernity specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Scopic regimes of modernity specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Scopic regimes of modernity specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It saw the beginnings of geometrical mathematics used to represent objects, and the portrayal of three dimensional rationalized space, as viewed through a singular eye, rather than jumping from focal point to focal point (Jay, 1988 p. 7). Indeed, the shadows and true representation of a foreground and background made the Renaissance approach to visuality the first real period to express depth. It is the concept of Cartesian space that underpins Renaissance imagery. Cartesian space refers to the linearity of Renaissance art (see appendix 1), which is illustrated by the neutrality of the periods artwork (Jay, 1998, p9). Jay (1998, p. 9) claims that the orderly coldness of the Renaissance perspective resulted in the withdrawal of the painters emotional entanglement with the objects depicted, which explains why Renaissance visuality is not as surreal as either the preceding Middle Ages or the subsequent Baroque period. To illustrate the Renaissance approach to visual culture, the painting View of an Ideal City (appendix 1) will be considered. The first thing one notices about this picture is that it is truly balanced, being symmetrical in is imagery. The dominating axes of this picture form an articulated system, as described by Barnard, 2001, p. 175). The size of the buildings on either side of the central piece are the same, and the buildings are spaced equally apart, an underpinning theme of Renaissance imagery. It should be noted that all these peripheral buildings are square in structure. The focal point of the piece is the circular building in the middle (see appendix 1). This notion of geometrically balanced shapes is a strong theme of the Renaissance period (Barnard, 2001, p. 174). However, the image is not completely symmetrical, as closer inspection reveals the light source of the image is located somewhere left of the images center. This is evident by the fact that the buildings on the left are in shadow, whereas the buildings on the right are in full light. It is this shadowing effect that truly makes the image feel realistic. An interesting point about View of an Ideal City is that it is an image of what looks to be a clean well kept relatively large city, yet there are no people in the entire painting. In this regard, the image appears somewhat unnatural. Yet this is what makes the image a perfect example of the Renaissance: it is so mathematically organized that the existence of people would probably make the image less balanced. The Baroque period began in Italy in the late 16th century (Martz, 1991, p7). However, these two periods overlapped (Martz, 1991, p. 7). Baroque, in contrast to Renaissance, is far more spectacular and sensational as a scopic regime. Paintings of the Baroque period are regarded as excessive, extravagant, and even mad. Whereas Renaissance is often subdued, Baroque art is usually on a grander stage, and employs theatrical visual drama (Web Museum, 2004). Martz (1991, p219) considers Baroque a recreation of older forms, both ancient and renaissance, in a sensory swirl of action, moving towards some spiritual goal. This suitable definition comprises common elements of other definitions. One of the strongest themes of the Baroque period was a return to spirituality. A potential reason for the emergence of the spectacular Baroque period according to Calabrese (1992) is that it was a period during which the Catholic Church attempted to steer culture back towards tradition and spirituality. Indeed, these two themes are regularly evident in many paintings of the Baroque era. The heavy religious presence in Baroque artwork confirms the powerful influence of the church, and also adds a surrealist flavour. The concept of the surreal associated in Baroque is in direct contrast with Renaissance. This element of surrealism can be applied to two concepts: the viewers perspective of the painting, and the content of the painting itself. As explained earlier, Renaissance provides the viewer with a realistic representation of natural objects. Baroque is far more bizarre and peculiar, as it crams a multiplicity of visual aspects into one overwhelming image (Jay, 1988, p. 16). It does not offer a natural eyes perspective of the events it aims to portray. Rather, representations of Baroque images have been considered to offer the perspective of Gods eye (Jay, 1988, p. 7), a theory that fits in well with Baroques religious roots. This surrealist concept is well summarized by Buci-Glucksmann who suggested Baroque succeeded in represent[ing] the unrepresentable; it does not merely describe a moment of time (Jay, p. 7), rather it offers far more symbolic and creative food for thought. To demonstrate the contrast of Baroque to Renaissance, the classic ceiling painting by Tiepolo Apollo and the Four Continents (appendix 2) provides a fine example. Immediately, the viewer notices how dramatic the painting is in contrast to any Renaissance image. The painterly nature of Baroque art, as opposed to Renaissance, as described by Barnard has a strong presence in this image (Barnard, 2001, p. 173). Clearly, Apollo and the Four Continents is not realistic. This is for two reasons: the perspective and the content the painting displays. Firstly, the perspective is typical of Baroque. It is not a natural view at all, rather it is more like the Gods eye perspective that Jay discusses (1998, p. 4). The painting offers an all encompassing view of what is a large scene. The multiple focal points of the image are necessary for the viewer who cannot take the whole image in at once at a glance (Web Gallery of Art, 2004). Indeed, the image is of open form common to Baroque, rather than the closed form found in Renaissance (Barnard, 2001, p. 74). The images openness is apparent due to the lack of verticals and horizontals, which are most prominent in View of an Ideal City. Secondly, the strong religious element of the painting removes any sense of realism. Apollo sits in the centre of the heavens, surrounded by light, with other gods believed to be Venus and Mars resting on a cloud below him (Web Gallery of Art, 2004). An endless flow of things to look at in Apollo and the Four Continents means the viewer must take his or her time deciphering the image. The fact that these images melt into each other instead of being strictly distinguished (Barnard, 2001, p. 174) a Baroque trait makes this process more time consuming, but also more interesting. Furthermore, the content offers only symbolism rather that a representation of any true events. Its strong religious focus is intended to elicit emotional responses instead of recreating a real scene. Clearly the Renaissance and Baroque scopic regimes are different methods for organizing images. On one hand, Renaissance aims to represent realism, by way of its scientific like Cartesian perspective. Yet, Baroque on the other hand offers the viewer something that may be confusing to digest, but with arguably more meaning and options for interpretation. The central themes of each style are quite different, despite their coexistence for albeit a brief period. Nonetheless, both regimes have paved the way for contemporary scopic regimes, and demonstrated a strong shift from the previous artwork of the Middle Ages.

Leadership and Ethics Theory †An Economic Perspective on Leadership

Adrenaline Air Sports background and recommendations Essays

Adrenaline Air Sports background and recommendations Essays Adrenaline Air Sports background and recommendations Essay Adrenaline Air Sports background and recommendations Essay The case is the study of Adrenaline Air Sports and their attempts to grow from a new start-up company a few years ago. The company has many different internal and external environment issues that they need to overcome if they wish to continue to grow. Sky Diving is a sport that is growing by about 2% per year. The external environment for consists of being in an area far away from major population areas to draw from to support their need for new skydivers. The town the company is in is a small resort town but does get 10,000 new visitors per week during the high season. They are within 40 miles of a population base of 120,000 people in the Roanoke area. In addition, about an hour and half drive away is the college town of Blacksburg, which has a population of about 40,000 people plus an additional enrollment of 25,000 students. Students are the greatest percentage of first time customers but rarely make a second jump due to costs. The Greensboro area of North Carolina is 80 miles sou th. First time students and those that continue to get license are the biggest moneymakers for the company. Only 3 percent of first time skydivers return and those that do tend to stay in the sport, so it is key to get more to return since they have the highest profit margin. Adrenaline Air Sports has two main competitors that are located 120 miles northeast of them that compete for the people in the Roanoke area. Although further away, they provide more open times and bigger and faster airplanes that can go to higher altitudes and thus command higher fees. They also are both open year round on weekends and in the high season are open at least four days a week. In addition, there are two additional competitors that are much further away that Adrenaline would only really need to worry about for his serious skydive customers and he can use as a basis for setting costs. Adrenaline Air Sports costs for parachuting is on the whole a little lower then both its competitors. The scenery of his skydiving area is another plus. The internal environment has several issues. All employees are part timers including the owner and many have issues working more then the weekends that the company is currently open. The owner, Billy Cockrell, works Monday to Friday and cannot begin work at Adrenaline until after 7 pm on Friday at the earliest. One issue is that he only has one video camera operator so can only film one new person per flight. In addition, people do not get their videos until late Sunday and since most new student reservations are made on Monday most people do not get to see that video until the following weekend. Billy Cockrell does have allot of serious skydivers who would be willing to come to work for him if he asked. Another issue is the equipment available to the company. Currently they have two Cessna 182 that can accommodate up to four parachutists each at one time. These planes take longer to reach higher altitudes so the company limits jumps to 10,000 feet maximum. Even at this lower altitude, these planes turn around times are longer then their competition. Another equipment logjam during the high season is the amount of parachutes. The company currently only has four tandem and two accelerated free-fall parachutes. Conclusions: My major finding is that the company needs to grow and find other ways to increase revenue and profit margins. I believe the company has two main options. One is to continue to operate the company as a part time business with the same amount of planes but to extend their weekends to include Fridays and Mondays to accommodate more skydivers. The benefits of this would be that they would not need to buy an expensive new larger plane but could take advantage of more operating time. The downside of this would be finding employees to work longer hours since this is a second job for most of them including the owner. The Second option would be to buy a larger plane that would allow a greater number of jumpers, higher altitudes and faster turn around. This option would probably require that the company to go full time. By doing this they would also need to extend the weekends in high season but would have higher profit margins and hourly revenue. They would also need more parachutes for rent. They would probably need to raise prices a bit to afford this high capital expenditure. They would also need to advertise more to get enough people to fill the new plane. Possibly selling one of the Cessna 182 would help alleviate the cost of the larger plane. Recommendation: Although the first option allows for slow growth of the company without having to make it a full time enterprise, I believe the next step for this company is to operate as a fulltime company. The first option does not increase the hourly revenue and you still have issues with how to get more of the higher revenue beginner personnel. The company has a talent pool of many serious skydivers who would be willing to work for the company. To take advantage of this, they need to get a larger plane and increase revenues per hour and also extend their days during the season. The companys growth rate in its first few years shows that the demand is there. This would require going out and finding more first time jumpers and initiating programs to get them to return again. One way would be to move up the free jump to the second or third jump. If you can get them back for three jumps they will probably keep coming back. In addition they need to add at least one more video person since this is a mo neymaker and a great form of advertising.

Sociology - PowerElite Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sociology - PowerElite - Essay Example There is a huge gap between the public and the political will as represented by the elected officials. The truth of the matter is that information is so controlled and the political will so organized that the public actually do not have a say in what goes on when it comes to policy matters. As Mills rightly points out, often the information comes to the public after a policy matter has been long decided by those in power – those our public has elected to represent their interests are quite removed from what the public actually needs. This idea is quite strange to us as we believe that it is only in the politically subversive states that policies are made without considering the public opinion. However, upon closer inspection it becomes quite clear that even in a country like ours, which holds high democratic values, public opinion is not only disregarded in a lot of policy matters, but is often influenced and tampered with by a host of ways. We have only to look at the War on Terror that America has waged as an instance of this. Mass hysteria was created using myriads of methods: mass media was constantly being fed stories of constant and ever present threats by the terrorists, and a nationalistic fervor was created by feeding the public the idea that the terrorists were against the American Way of Life. The public, therefore, wholeheartedly supported the invasion of Afghanistan (we were told Al-Qaeda was responsible for the attacks on the Twin Towers, and Al-Qaeda and its leader, Osama bin Laden, operated from Afghanistan). However, what makes the episode take a totalitarian twist is when our own President lied to us about there being Weapons of Mass Destruction in Iraq – we were told that that the FBI had confirmed this – and the wily dictator of Iraq was just short of using them against us, so we had no choice but to invade Iraq as well. It was much

Israel-Palestine Conflict over Gaza Research Paper

Israel-Palestine Conflict over Gaza - Research Paper Example The effect of this conflict has raised concerns among international stakeholders as well as other nations like the United States of America (Sterio 2010). Deterioration of Socio-economic factors Despite the efforts placed by the concerned stakeholders as well as the leaders of the affected nations, there has been little success as the conflict continuously affects various facets of the society. Apparently, various researchers and reports have shown that the most affected region is the Gaza strip where; lots of lives have been lost; properties, as well as other social amenities, have been affected (Mandell 1985). Tribal Conflicts in Palestine The occurrence of conflicts between the Palestine tribes has also created a major setback on the efforts of the international community that has been placed to facilitate peace negotiation between the two countries. Conflicts between the Sunnis and the Shiites have created divisions among the Palestine leaders hence diverting their attention from the peace negotiations towards resolving these internal conflicts (Migdalovitz 2010). Discussion Israel- Palestine Conflict Various social researchers as well as other concerned International Stakeholders have undertaken studies to find the causes of the Israeli and Palestine conflict. The most obvious factor that has emerged is that the conflicts were triggered by the struggle on who owns Gaza; however, bodies such as the media have failed to provide comprehensive information concerning the causes of conflict between the two nations. That is, there are cases where the media has portrayed Israel as an innocent nation that is making an attempt to save aggressive Palestine from causing harm to its citizens. This has raised a lot of concern from the various stakeholders, especially among the Palestine leaders. Escalation of the Israeli-Palestine war International Organizations such as the United Nations, World Health Organizations as well as other stakeholder countries has made differ ent efforts to ensure that peace and stability exist between the two nations. However, their efforts have not been successful owing to a number of reasons. The first reason emerges from the inter-ethnic group among the Palestine Tribes; these tribal conflicts have been propagated by the differences emerging the specific inter-ethnic affiliations. That is, certain groups such as the Shiites have experienced tremendous hatred from the Sunnis who have perceived them to be affiliated with Iran. On the other hand, the death of certain key Muslim leaders as a form of revenge has also been another factor. These factors have propagated the occurrences of Israeli-Palestine Conflict mainly because they have jeopardized the efforts placed by stakeholders to create peace (Cowley 2012).

An issue considered in the presentations or books Essay

An issue considered in the presentations or books - Essay Example This paper explores the concept of supply of labor, its dynamics, and key factors. Many economic theories describe supply of labor in unique ways owing to the dynamic nature of the concept. Perhaps it is imperative to note from the onset that the total hours and real salary rate are the fundamental components of supply of labor in any given economic system. The supply of labor curve, which is the graphical representation of supply of labor, depicts the theoretical wage rates versus labor. The vertical axis of the supply of labor curve represents the theoretical wage rate while the horizontal axis represents the amount of labor that workers are willing to toil for at any given wage rate (Chagny, Döpke, Plane, and Schmidt 61). The dynamics of the supply of labor depend on the compromise between leisure and labor. This tradeoff implies that workers earn more incomes by working for more hours and vice versa. However, such workers must cut down on the number of hours they spend on leisure in order for them to earn hire by dedicating more time for labor. Although this notion necessitates a delicate balance, it confirms the fundamental trade-off between labor and leisure. It means that a rise in the rate of real wage increases the opportunity cost for leisure. This trend leads to the substitution effect in the sense that the workers will develop a tendency to supply more labor (Soest, Das, and Gong 15). As workers dedicate more hours for labor, their earnings as well as their real wage rate goes up. Subsequently, the demand for ‘normal good’ leisure increases as the workers incomes rises. It means that workers will supply less labor in order to spend more hours on their ‘normal good’ leisure activities. They will develop the tendency of spending because of their higher income and they will dedicate more time (hours) on leisure activities. This tendency is called

Pickering: The Victorian Gentleman

Pickering: The Victorian Gentleman Pickering the Victorian Gentleman: In the play many characters changed as the play went on like Pickering. Pickering in the play seemed to be a gentleman around others and also treated them as a gentleman would treat them. But in act 4 the reader sees that Pickering is not the man he seems to act or look like. In act 4 the reader sees a switch from being a gentleman to a disrespecting man. The first example is in act 4 where pickering is talking to Higgins, another gentleman who turned out to be a disrespectful man as well, about Liza while she is right in front of them. This demonstrates that instead of acknowledging Liza which is in the room during the conversation he in fact ignores her and then proceeds to talk about her and not in a good way but in a bad way. Before this happened the reader can see that Pickering treats Liza with respect and dignity but now we see that he in fact disrespects her in a very rude way. In act 5 we see pickering acts different towards Liza by acting very respectful towards her. In act 5 he talks to her in a calm very gentleman like way while Higgins goes off on Liza for her attitude in the ending of act 4. In act 5 the reader sees that pickering acts nice and confident towards Liza to convince her to go back to Higgins house to finish what he started. This demonstrates that pickering can act nice towards her Liza by acting like a gentl eman towards her. Pickerings relationship with other characters like Higgin and Liza are respectful and very gentleman like. With Higgins he treats him like an acquaintance or like a friend but nothing more. The reader can see this in act 3 when mrs.Higgin tells her son Liza is not ready to be presented to the public in which in response both Pickering and Higgins both praise Liza for she has become. Another example of Pickering with Higgins is in act 2 where we see that Higgins does not have any personal feelings towards Liza but only professional feelings. Pickerings attitude with Liza is also respectful in a professional and kind way. An example of this is in act 2 where we see when Pickering offers to pay for all the lessons to Higgins for him to transform Liza from a corner street flower girl to a perfect speaking younglady worthy of being in a high class environment. Another example where we see Pickering being very gentleman like to Liza is in act 5 where Liza is talking to Pickering about how he has helped her build the self-respect she had by Your calling me Miss Doolittle that day when I first came to Wimpole Street. That was the beginning of self-respect for me. And there were a hundred little things you never noticed, because they came naturally to you. Things about standing up and taking off your hat and opening doorsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. During the victorian time majority of the men were gentleman or at least nice to other people. Pickering during this time found his role and responsibilities and played it well by being an almost perfect gentleman. The reader sees this in act 5 when Liza gave thanks to Pickering for being a gentleman and treating her like a lady. Your calling me Miss Doolittle that day when I came to Wimpole Street. That was the beginning of self-respect for me. Another way he showed a character that was nothing but a gentleman was when he offered to pay for the lessons that Liza would have to pay for herself with the money that Higgins threw at her in act 1. Pickering gave Liza the opportunity to turn into a high class woman with the ability to be around other high class woman and act like she belonged there. This illustrates that although Higgins only took it turning Liza to a high class woman as a joke, Pickering saw it as an opportunity to turn a flower girl to something much better and he gave h er that option. In the victorian time the culture for men where either respecting women or not respecting them. Like in act 5 Higgins does not respect Liza when confronted about what happened in act 4 but when Pickering does confront her also in act 5 he does so in a manner that respects Liza in a way that does not insult her or disrespect her in any way. In conclusion Pickering shows us that he was a gentleman through most of the play and does not disrespect her in any way because those are part of his values, that is how he treats the majority of characters, and during that time that was the culture at the time.

Mitch Albom’s, The Five People You Meet in Heaven Essay -- The Five Pe

In Mitch Albom’s, The Five People You Meet in Heaven, the author centers the story around Eddie’s life, beginning with his death. â€Å"It might seem strange to start a story with an ending. But all endings are also beginnings. We just don’t know it at the time† (1, paragraph 1). The most important thing in this story that we must all understand is that although we may not know it, somehow our lives all have a common intersection. â€Å"No story sits by itself. Sometimes stories meet at corners and sometimes they cover one another completely, like stones beneath a river (16, paragraph 8). Eddie’s life ends tragically at Ruby Pier, the amusement park, where he has felt trapped for so many, long years, with what he thinks of as â€Å"a meaningless life†. When Eddie opens his eyes, he thinks that he is in heaven. He sees the sky changing many, beautiful colors as he is floating through the air. Eddie eventually lands in the place that he has come to think of as his own hell, Ruby Pier. He questions why he has been sent back here. He wonders if he had really been so bad of a person on earth that God would send him here to live for eternity. Once Eddie meets the side show â€Å"freak†, The Blue Man, he begins to understand why he has come here again. The Blue Man explains that Eddie will meet five people in heaven that will explain the meaning of his life. The Blue Man tells Eddie the story of a young boy, and how that young boy darted out into the road in front of a man, causing him to have a heart attack and crash. He realizes that the man was The Blue Man and the boy had been himself. The Blue Man tells Eddie that he must understand â€Å"That there are no random acts. That we are all connected. That you can no more separate one life from another than... ... to all the children that entered Ruby Pier. They all knew that they would be safe because they had someone watching over them, like an angel. Eddie had been the children’s angel. Everyone Eddie met in heaven taught him something about his life. They were all connected to him in different ways, whether it was someone close to him once, or a complete stranger. Somehow, all of their lives had crossed Eddie’s and helped make him the person that he had become. When you think about this lesson, you truly understand. One decision causes an effect, maybe on your life or maybe on someone else’s life. That effect will cause something else. It’s what I think of as a ripple effect. Everything happens for a reason, and all of the events that lead up to our â€Å"now† makes us who we are. Works Cited Albom, Mitch. The Five People You Meet in Heaven. New York: Hyperion. 2003.

Marketing communications plan

Trends in the pub industry The British pub industry includes approximately 60,000 pubs that fall into three categories: managed (operated by a manager), leased/tenanted, and individual (operated by the owner) pubs (Mitchells & Butlers, 2005).   The British Beer & Pub Association reports that â€Å"in the last 10 years food sales in Britain's 30,000 managed pubs have risen by 165%†, with smaller increases posted by the smaller 30,000 pubs (Bowers, 2005). The British pub has traditionally fulfilled a variety of roles, serving both as a point for informal communication, a social venue for watching sports games or playing indoor sports, or even a family get-together. Although recent scandals concerning â€Å"binge drinking and town centre rowdiness in 2004† attracted the attention to the pub as a source of such antisocial behaviour, its role in British society has traditionally been much broader (Mintel, 2004). In any case, exposure of pubs to negative publicity has led to strengthening of governmental regulations concerning the sector. The current fight in the pub industry is against â€Å"the government's health bill exempting non-food pubs from a proposed smoking ban† (Bowers, 2005). This supposedly creates an uneven playing field for bars that serve food since they have to restrict smoking on their premises. At the same time, the proportion of pubs offering food service rose from about 50% in the 1990s to roughly 80% (Bowers, 2005). Owners and operators of bars subject to the smoke ban point to the fact that it will disadvantage food-serving bars, since the proportion of smokers among pub visitors is estimated by the British Beer & Pub Association to be in the range of 40-50% – about â€Å"twice the national average† (Bowers, 2005). The economic landscape in the UK is favourable for spending since consumers feel confidence in the economy. At the same time, pubs can be affected by the growing popularity of healthy lifestyles that includes a greater number of people â€Å"who simply want a quiet (or lively) drink in the comfortable, friendly type of pub that is permanently attractive for foreign tourists as well the British themselves† (Mintel, 2004). More and more people will treat bars not simply as venues for drinking; on the contrary, they want to have meals there. Pubs begin to dissociate with rowdiness that tainted their image and emerge as credible eating establishments can be attributed to the industry’s attempts to appeal to a wider section of the market due to competition from supermarkets, government regulation and societal changes including a more health conscious consumer. Bright, open interiors and smoke free environments make them more appealing to such consumers and the female audience. However, alcohol sales remain the driving force of profitability in bars. In this area, consumers now seek a higher quality experience. One of the trends is increase in wine sales, attributable in part to the simple addition of ice to the drink (Solley, 2005). According to the National Office of Statistics, champagne is now one of the most regular purchases in the UK, particularly non-vintage and rosà © lines. The growth has been attributed to younger drinkers who treat champagne as less a drink solely for special occasions (Bill, 2006). Still, the British Beer & Pub Association (2003) reports that â€Å"in the UK 28 million pints of beer are consumed every day, which equates to 100 litres per head each year – compared to 20 litres of wine per head†. Positioning – A bar with a difference The proposed bar on Lisburn Road will seek to differentiate itself from other bars in the city by offering   a high quality customer experience catered to the tastes of a more exclusive clientele. The competitive advantage of the facility will be the provision of excellent service and superior food and drink not available in other establishments; focusing on these features, the bar will not engage in price competition. The wide assortment of traditional drinks will be complemented by a meticulously selected wine list including champagne varieties, locally produced cider and ale and a selection of less common malt whiskeys. Customers will be informed of the wide variety of drinks through wine and whiskey tasting promotions. The bar will appeal to health-conscious consumers with by offering low-cost meals from a standard menu prepared with the finest locally sourced ingredients. The emphasis on social experience, quality food, and large choice of drinks will be distinctive features of the new bar. Segmentation The new bar will target the following groups in the target market: Professionals coming in after work to have a few drinks and chat with colleagues after a long working day Couples looking for a pleasant social experience, dinner and sometimes a bottle of wine Students occupying the bar in the day-time and in the evening to enjoy a get-together and discuss class assignments WOOFS (well-off older folks) enjoying their post-retirement life and spending some of their time in local bars to have a pleasant dinner DINKS – couples without children but with a high income that permits them to allocate a large portion of their income to dining. Overall, the target audience will include individuals with high disposable income, high expectations of service, food quality and drink variety, and preference for establishments with style. References Bowers, S. (2005, October 28). Smoking ban is unworkable, says pub industry. Guardian. Retrieved April 29, 2006, from http://society.guardian.co.uk/health/news/0,,1602801,00.html British Beer & Pub Association (2003). Beer and Pub Facts. Retrieved April 29, 2006, from http://www.beerandpub.com/content.asp?id_Content=704 Mintel International Group Ltd. (2004, August 1). Pub Visiting – UK. Retrieved April 29, 2006, from http://www.marketresearch.com/product/display.asp?productid=1037778&g=1 Mitchells & Butlers. (2005). Pub Operating Models. Retrieved April 29, 2006, from http://www.mbplc.com/index.asp?pageid=425

Racism in the United States essays

Racism in the United States essays Racism is still a problem nowadays in certain areas. I see many groups of people discriminated against, not just African Americans. I dont know why people can have such negative views on certain ethnic groups. I agree with John Steinbeck on many of his views. When he sees the type of language being said down in Louisiana he is absolutely flabbergasted. I think he is very courageous for having such strong opinions on why these southerners were wrong. He didnt come out and say they were wrong because this took place in the sixties and I figured it would be too controversial. He would probably loose a lot of his fans who are racist. I do not believe that race accounts for differences in human character or ability. Or that a particular race is superior to others. Black people are still discriminated against in this day and age. It was hard for me to see this at first, until I really looked in to it in depth. I realize that the government doesnt help minorities as much as they should. For example, inner city schools are very poorly funded. Besides the government being secretly racist, so are cops. Cops are supposed to keep peace but actually do the opposite. They accuse black people of committing crimes over whites. If there are two people standing outside a scene of a crime, a black and white person, if a cop comes he would arrest the black person and not the white. I was talking to one of my friends about racism and he was telling me how he thinks America is very quick to go to war with countries that arent white. He says we have no problem throwing the first punch. I began to think about it and im still not sure if he is right. And than I brought up how its not true because Russians are white and they were our biggest enemy during the cold war. But than he commented that we never really fought with them which is also very true. I than said that we have fought Japan and they are white, and I ...

Cultural Considerations and Modern Family Law essays

Cultural Considerations and Modern Family Law essays It is important to be aware that the 1995 legislation is particularly directed at the wellbeing of children and the promotion of primary dispute resolution, and that these are two broad and important areas which are dependent on value systems which may involve a wide divergence of views. In the case of children, significant feelings about parental roles and responsibilities may be influenced by issues related to ethnicity, just as they may often be influenced by gender issues. In the case of mediation and conciliation, there may be a reluctance to engage in private ordering or a fear of avoiding the more formal litigation path, due to beliefs, which are hopefully incorrect, that the alternatives involve "star chamber like" or unaccountable procedures. Many of those who have come to Australia from particularly repressive regimes would understandably hold such beliefs, just as many indigenous Australians base their lack of trust in the legal system on past experiences with it. It is ob viously most important that there be trust between the various ethnic communities and the legal system in general, and this is particularly important in the area of family law. Fortunately the judges and the courts of this country, unlike those of Nazi Germany, are both independent and above these attitudes and will not be influenced by them in performing their duty. Given the centrality of family life to us all, the impacts of law and policy which impinge directly upon the family are particularly significant in a multicultural society such as Australia most undoubtedly is. Not only will laws which stereotype families fail to have meaning for those who fall outside the stereotype, but their impacts will be discriminatory, and consequently unjust. In the environment of family law particularly, the challenge to reflect and respect the cultural diversity of the population is both enormous and vitally important. The obligation is on the Court to provide a le...

Project Management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Project Management - Research Paper Example Project management could be defined as a process where individuals apply their knowledge, skills and techniques in order to project activities to meet the project requirement. In other words, project management involves activities such as planning, scheduling and controlling of activities to achieve the desired objectives of the project. As defined by Cleland and Gareis (2006), project management is successful when it follows the process which includes initiating, executing, monitoring, controlling and closing of a project to meet the project requirement. The Project Management Institute defines project management as application of skills and knowledge along with tools and techniques to meet the project requirement (Barkley, 2006). Hamilton (2004) divided project management into 5 components, i.e., initiation, planning, execution, monitoring, control and lastly, closure of a project. Project life cycle indicates all the project phases that a project has to go through in order to be completed. In other words, it is a collection of project phases that are divided so that the project can be controlled and managed accordingly. According to Kerzner (2009) project life-cycle is divided into four phases that indicates the beginning and ending point of a project. Furthermore, according to Kerzner (2009), the first phase of a project life cycle is the initiation phase followed by project planning, project execution and project closure. Each of the phases mentioned by Kerzner (2009) is further divided into activities which need to be done to accomplish the goal of project management. In order to further elaborate the project life cycle, each of the phases is separately presented along with the activities involved within the particular phase. Phase 1: Project Initiation The aim of this phase is to identify the problems along with the opportunities that the business could focus upon. This phase also includes solutions to the problems that a business may face. In this phase, the project manager defines the project and the opportunities that the organization could achieve by undertaking the project (Lewis, 2006). The activities within this phase are as follows: a) Developing a business case b) Undertaking a feasibility study c) Establishing terms o f reference d) Appointment of project team e) Setting up office f) Performing review of this phase (Lewis, 2006). Phase 2: Project Planning The second step in the project life cycle is project planning. In this phase, the manager indicates all the activities and tasks that need to be performed. In this phase, each task is linked and the manager ties the tasks with deadlines to get the task completed within the timeframe. Within this phase, the project manager identifies the number of people required for the completion of tasks along with the identification of expenses that might incur during the completion of the project undertaken. The crucial activities that are involved in this phase are as follows: a) Creation of plan b) Creation of resource plan c) Creation of financial plan d) Creation of quality plan e) Creation of risk plan f) Creation of acceptance plan g) Creation of communication plan h) Creation of procurement plan i) Contracts with the suppliers j) Reviewing the success of this phase (Meredith & Mantel, 2012) Phase 3:

Philip's vs. Matsushita Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Philip's vs. Matsushita - Essay Example Both brothers and their father worked hard and by 1900, Philips was the third largest light-bulb producer in Europe. Philips concentrated only on light-bulb technology development. Company policy was to scrap old plants and use new machines or factories whenever advances were made in new production technology. It also established hi-tech laboratories for R&D and it developed a tungsten metal filament bulb that was a great commercial success (Bartlett, 2006, p. 1). In 1899, Philips initiated its offshore business and within a decade it expanded its sales network across Japan, Australia, Canada, Brazil, United State and Russia. In 1919, Philips made an agreement with Genera Electric, giving each company the use of the other's patents. In 1918, Philips introduced the electronic vacuum tubes; eight years it lunched its first radios to market, capturing a 20% world market share within a decade; and during the 1930s, Philips began producing X-ray tubes (Bartlett, 2006, p. 2). During World War II Allied and German bombing had targeted and damaged most of Philips’ manufacturing facilities in the Netherlands, the management board decided to build the postwar organization on the strengths of the national organizations (NOs). The independent NOs had a great advantage in being able to sense and respond to the local market demands and differences. These NOs were also free in financial, legal, and administrative matters, and also to built their own technical capabilities and product development.

To what extent does personality predict employee performance How do Essay

To what extent does personality predict employee performance How do personality traits translate into individual's profession - Essay Example Behaviorists assumed people to be no more than a set of a myriad of learned responses to various environmental stimuli and reinforcements (Ayers, 2007). However, most of the contemporary research has opted to reject these two views due to their extremism. Contemporary research now takes a more commonsense approach in attempting to clearly define personality, the approach taken by this research is careful not to overlook some of the common traits such as sociability and persistence which are key in the determination of an individual’s behavior (Ayers, 2007). Personality traits are defined as various dimensions of a single individual’s personal differences they are essentially a set of distinguishing characteristics and qualities of a given individual. Traits determine the readiness of a person to consistently act, think or feel in a relatively similar manner when exposed to a variety of situations and stimuli (Ayers, 2007). The Different Concepts and Theories Used to Det ermine and Individual’s Personality and Their Personality Traits There are essentially two approaches that are used in the determination of an individual’s personality. These two approaches are the idiographic and nomothetic approach. The idiographic approach essentially tries to study the given individual’s personality as compared to another individual. In trying to gain a critical and deeper understanding of the individual, it looks at the person’s complexity, uniqueness as well as the richness. Over time, there are several key concepts and theories pertaining to personality that have been developed. One of these theories is the theory formulated by Carl Jung that is used to classify individuals as either having and introverted personality or an extraverted one. According to this theory, introverts tend to be reliable, shy, quiet and often like to plan things well in advance, this is in addition to their often being pessimistic. Inversely, extraverts ar e seen to extremely sociably as they often do not like being alone, they often tend to have a lot of friends, have an optimistic nature and tend to enjoy parties. In formulating this theory, Jung is seen to make a personality type matrix that is mainly based on four key functions that are normally used by people in the event that they are other individuals, situations or things. These four functions are feeling, sensing, intuition and thinking. According to Jung, everyone tends to make use of these functions but the inherent proportions tend to be vastly different. Jurgen Eysenck also developed a trait theory that has continued to be largely influential. The theory developed by Jurgen have been shown to mainly be genetically based. The model developed by Jurgen offers a means that helps in appropriately linking behavior, traits and types. The theory claims that each individual person essentially has a certain set of various identifiable traits which eventual form a trait cluster and the successive personality structure is then found to be hierarchical (Hayes, 2005). It was Charles Horton Cooley who was responsible for the development of the looking class self-concept.

Human Arrangements Essay Example for Free

Human Arrangements Essay The increase of poverty in the recent years is one of the major problems which the United States has to face. As the survey shows, the highest poverty rates in the United States were witnessed during the years of recession, for example 1960, 1975, 1983 and others. However, the poverty rates increased dramatically through 2001-2003. In 2002, the number of people in poverty reached 34. 4 million, which is 12. 1% of the population. The poverty rate was at its lowest level between 1970-1980 years, but since that time it never decreased until that level. In the last years, it was the lowest in 2000 (at the level of 11%) but since that time it kept increasing annually. In 2003, poverty rate reached 12. 5% which is 0. 4% higher than in 2002. The dynamics of poverty in the United States also shows that the most vulnerable members of the society are people under the age of 18 (17% of them are in poverty). Citizens aged 18-64 have had the lowest poverty rates up to 2002, when the level of poverty rates of seniors (aged 65 and older) reached their level. According to the regional characteristic, states in which poverty rates increased the most included Florida, Illinois, Utah, South Carolina and others. It is also necessary to analyze the dynamics of poverty rates among different races. According to the survey, poverty rates increased greatly among all of the races present in the United States. At the same time, the income level of White, Asian and Black households remained unchanged while the income of Hispanic households experienced some decrease. Among these groups, Black households have the lowest level of income and thus have the highest poverty rates among the groups in the society. In 2003, the median income of Black families reached only $30,000 which was only 62% of the $48,000 income of White households (non-Hispanic origin). The group with the highest income level, and thus the smallest number of people below the poverty line was Asians. Their average income reached $55,000 in 2003. It is possible to conclude that among all of the groups, Blacks are experiencing the most problems with obtaining income. Asian households receive almost the double income of what Black households receive. Due to the fact that poverty rates are increasing with years, it means that Black citizens are going to become more and more vulnerable in the society. In 2003, 24. 4% of Black people were below the poverty line, and the percentage has increasing by 2005. For comparison, only 11% of Asian people were below the poverty line in 2003. There are many reasons why the poverty rate among Blacks has changed the most during the recent years. First, due to discrimination, many Black people are still unable to get high-paying jobs which people of other origins get easily. The experience of New Orleans shows that despite the hopes of African Americans hat discrimination would be reduces with time, this process is very slow. Most of the people affected by hurricane in New Orleans lost their houses and jobs, and it will be very difficult for them to achieve their previous level of income in the following years. Unfortunately, the government did not take any measures to assist the people whose houses were devastated by the hurricane. Situation with New Orleans is only one of the examples of how discrimination occurs in the United States and Black population is unable to reach the same income level as other races. Another reason of high poverty rate among Blacks is their inability to enter prestigious establishments of higher learning. Due to the low income level of their families in comparison with other races, they are often unable to obtain good education which would lead them to high-paying jobs. At the same time, it is necessary to mark that due to the introduction of Civil Rights legislation, the poverty level of Blacks in the recent years is much lower than it was before the adoption of legislation. Even though the poverty rate has been increasing during the last years, the average rate is much lower than it was in the 50s. Despite the fact that Blacks are still experiencing some sort of discrimination, it is much less noticeable as it was before the adoption of Civil Rights legislation. Owing to the legislation, they finally got an opportunity to have the same rights as white people and thus the overall poverty level among Blacks declined dramatically in comparison with previous decades. Bibliography. 1. Poverty in the United States- 2002. Issued September 2003. Available at URL: http://www.census.gov/prod/www/abs/popula.html 2. Income, Poverty and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States 2003. Issued August 2004. Available at URL: http://www. census. gov/prod/www/abs/income. html.

Free Essays - Use of Imagery in Young Goodman Brown :: Free Essay Writer

Use of Imagery in   Young Goodman Brown  Ã‚      According to A Handbook of Critical Approaches, the Formalistic Approach is one â€Å"with a methodology.†Ã‚   The Formalistic Approach requires a critic to examine the structure, or form, of a literary work.   For example, studying the imagery of a literary work can make the theme more apparent.   â€Å"Images emerge as more and more important†¦certain images, or colors†¦keep coming up†¦.   Bit by formal bit, we think we begin to see a theme emerging from the work.† (Guerin, 74-75).  Young Goodman Brown is the story of an innocent young man who realizes the imperfections and flaws of the world and its people, including himself.   This knowledge is very painful and shocking to Young Goodman Brown just as knowledge was painful for the prisoners in Plato's Allegory of the Cave.   The imagery used in Young Goodman Brown amplifies the theme of the loss of innocence. Images of the sunset and of a journey and several others appear throughout the story to amplify   the theme of Young Goodman Brown.   Ã‚  Ã‚   For example, in the beginning of the story, Young Goodman Brown is leaving his wife Faith at sunset to go on a journey that cannot wait.   The images of a sunset and of the approaching nighttime illustrate the fear of the unknown.   Goodman Brown must travel through the darkness before he reaches the light of knowledge just as the prisoners in Allegory of the Cave must travel from the dark cave in order to reach the light.   As the story continues, Hawthorne uses the image of a â€Å"dreary road, darkened by all the gloomiest trees of the forest† to heighten the fear of the unknown.   Goodman Brown has left the comfort of the cave of confusion and is beginning to discover the imperfections of the world and of its people.   Ã‚  Ã‚   A teacher, who had â€Å"an indescribable air of one who knew the world†, leads Goodman Brown from the cave.   His teacher continually leads him along the path to enlightenment despite Goodman Brown’s attempts â€Å"to return whence I came.†Ã‚   Goodman Brown learns that people are not perfect and that â€Å"good† people sometimes do â€Å"bad† things.   People who Goodman Brown views as perfect, like the governor and his Sunday school teacher are exposed as imperfect people who lie and cheat and steal by using the images of a stolen broom and a promise to be queen of Hell.

Creative Writing †Belonging Essay

The clear, bright and enlightening blue skies greet my face as I ponder through my thoughts in my head. The sun blossoms it’s radiating sunlight, which glisten and reflect off the tranquil, wavy sea to reveal elements of a mystifying, inexplicable, yet convivial world. My heart beat pulsates through my ears†¦ so silent and blissful this world of beggaring-description, words could not hope to utter moments like these. It was the idea of confronting, change and experience which led me to this endeavouring challenge of discovery. In preceding life, â€Å"discovery† was but a mere artwork to me; its extravagant detail painted an image which took me to a new world of the unknown. Its colours merged and intertwined, creating infinite pathways for life to take me far beyond the norm. But, it was just a painting. Vibrant as the sky could ever be, inhabitants of birds and seagulls cluster amongst the sky’s surface to shadow various regions of radiation. Numerous shades of varying size, shape and darkness swam steadfast past my eyes, stimulating diverse light shades across the sea surface. I travel along a path to encounter countless fish as their scales unleash myriad hexagonal-structured reflections, capturing every single colour of the rainbow. I touch the water and an instant sensation crawled through my fingertips, as the water almost desiccated back down my finger, revealing wondrous ripples. The constant expansion and flow of ripples developed into motions of diffracting sunlight which followed a distinct pattern of iridescent white light. The sea so pure, its reflections illuminated my face with the pattern of the undulating water flow. A flash before my eyes re-writes the memoirs of my past life – solitary and confined to the one passageway of safety and security. Ironic is it not? That such an introverted life could lead to the feeling of belonging to something ordinarily worthwhile, or to conduct a life of normality. I still hear a screech suddenly exerted from the fancy convertible making an unceremonious turn, piercing the dusk, still fog of night. The periodic fear of tomorrow, dreading what society had in stall for me. A vision of â€Å"my world† was painted bit by bit, colour by colour and section by section; a world of drifting into the crystalline sea far beyond human sight. It shimmered into this blazing, crimson sunset that protrudes colours of red, white and tinted blue clashing and smashing, latticing over and over again, against one other only to produce an amalgamation of beautified hope and warmth, resulting in this augmentation of sanctity, safety and assurance. A world I longed to belong†¦ I always questioned myself, repeatedly over and over and over again about my identity, destiny and independence. Was it really necessary to do what I did? To precariously determine my own destiny, where life was to be lived unknowingly? To see my father tremulous and mother on her knees, with her hands drenched in tears. A sudden emotion of fear and regret struck my heart in its centre, but also a sigh of relief. I was suddenly brought back to reality by the roar of the motor. The consistency of ripples flowing causes my reflection to distort with the scaly and incandescent rays from the schools of fish and the sun’s protruding rays of warmth and somewhat, hope. I closed my eyes for a few seconds to relax and enjoy this free moment†¦ 1|Page Jason Chan Year 12 Ms. Sake However, I felt a drop of water plummet on the right side of my cheek. My heart froze for a micro -second, dreading to open my eyes as I assumed for the worst. I hear the deafening silence of the waves, on the brink of a complete halt in their tranquil motion. No longer did the extravagant light shower the crystal sea, nor did the birds flourish over the sky. Foul-coloured fluffs of clouds conquered the remaining essence of light the sky had to offer. Cataclysmic roars of thunder clashed in every direction, ringing my ear drums heavily like lava and debris suffocating the mountain sides. â€Å"My world† I belonged to flashed for one second and I saw the usual back gate with a pathway leading my innate mind to the cataleptic regret. It was then I compelled myself up knowing it was and is finality. I remember clearly tilting my head to the side, seeing the sun’s arms reaching through the minute openings of my curtains, greeting my face and mind, pondered with thoughts and feelings of beggaring description. My face heated up, my hands trembled, my fingers shook hysterically as I held the key to freedom, and a drop of water plummeted from the right side of my cheek onto the pure, hue labelled, â€Å"Father and Mother†. That final tear symbolised the very last essence of me, only to distribute out and smudge the ink. Nevertheless, I told myself my world is and always will be created by me, so I relieved myself of intense emotion and wiped my tears away, got my bag and strode with pride to my new world. The sight flashed again, bringing me to a world of catastrophe, as lightning collapsed from the sky as if Zeus had deliberately done so. My fear multiplied as fast as the rain drops fell. I felt a gush of aggravated wind fly past my hair at a ghastly speed. A continuation of heaviness impeded my stability as the turbulent sea rocked like an exacerbated avalanche. It was as if the glistening, crystal sea has become the enemy, the hardship, a hurdle to overcome – my world had become my enemy. I grasp the sides of my capsule with my sweat-bear hands, clenching in fear for my life. Spontaneously, words of my cataleptic regret begin surging in and out, left, right and centre of my mind†¦

Core Indian Values – an Advertising Perspective

INDIAN CONSUMER: CORE VALUES We are all consumers. Everyday, we consume goods and services as individuals, families, groups and organizations. With every passing year, the consumer has not only become smarter but also choosier with his purchase. On top of that, the fact that the competition and the variety of products available in the market only add to the marketers’ woes. To succeed in this dynamic and increasingly complex marketing environment marketers have an urgent need to learn and anticipate whatever they can about consumers.The better they know and understand consumers the more advantageous it would prove when accomplishing their organizational objectives. In a diverse country like India, which is slowly shedding its conservative nature and is opening up to new possibilities on the marketorial front, it becomes even more difficult for an advertiser to understand his consumer’s behaviour. The Indian mentality is more complex and layered than our western counterp arts. The culture of this country is very different from most others for it is home to various religions, languages, customs and values.This amalgamation has led to the Indian consumer having various layers of reasoning behind every action. There are certain values that play a very important role while purchasing a product from the point of the view of the Indian consumer. An advertiser should keep these values in mind while targeting their Indian audience. 1. Family The Indian society is a family oriented one. Elder members of the family are considered to be the head of the family. Though joint families have now disintegrated into nuclear ones, the bond and importance of family remains the same.Family is by far the most important reference group. The family is a major influence on the consumption behaviour of its members and generally the target market for most products. The consumption patterns of family members are seldom independent from those of other family members. There is a n interdependent relationship between the members of the family. An advertiser selling family oriented products must target it for the benefit of every member of the family. Eg. Tata Ventura ad. 2. Peace Peace  is a state of harmony characterized by the lack of violent conflict.It also represents cosmic harmony. An individual seeks peace when he wishes to establish a personal relationship with the cosmos. India is country where different sects coming together causes chaos and conflict. Hence, peace is highly sought after both personally and internationally. An advertiser while selling a product, depending on its nature, must keep in mind the fact that his product must not invoke chaos in any form. He must try as much as possible to maintain decorum while advocating a product. Eg. Taj holidays. 3. Health India is slowly growing to be a very health conscious nation.Indian food offers a diversity of dishes that are very tasty and each provide a different delight. But at the same time . Some of them can be very heavy and unhealthy with continuous consumption. In the fast paced of today’s times, health has become of utmost importance. Various fitness centers are being set up everywhere and maintaining a healthy lifestyle has become very important to the average Indian consumer. Advertisers target this aspect of the Indian consumer while promoting various health related products. Eg. Saffola ads. D cold total ads 4. Time Time is of utmost importance in the Indian society. Natural time regulates ctivities with a â€Å"now† orientation. Indians have always factored in on time before starting or ending any event, both metaphysically and metaphorically. Time is considered to be an auspicious and important aspect for Indians. While making major purchases, time is factored in majorly. An advertiser can either portray the time factor majorly in his advertisement or he can portray it subtlely with respect to the product. Time also reflects the era the people live in and its dynamic nature. Eg. Hindustan times â€Å"It is time† campaign. 5. Will power. Will power is the strength to achieve the impossible or the difficult.Indians consider will power to be a treasurable value as it may lead to various achievements. If one gets over their fears and has the will power to achieve what many consider to be impossible then that person is highly respected. Without will power, one cannot alter events or restore it to the original post. India’s history has been witness to the importance of will power among the Indian public. Advertisers can theme their ads on the basis of will power thereby promoting their product and also gain popular vote for encouraging strength. Eg. Mountain Dew Darr Ke Aage jeet hai ads 6. SecurityA sense of security is very important in both a family and a community. Usually, the male member of the family is considered to be responsible for the security of the female counterparts in India. Females are especially protected in this society. But along with physical security, financial security has also become important for the modern Indian family. Many make investments so that the family is always financially secure. Protection of community is also a very important aspect as Indians are very community bound. Members of the same community usually have a sense of belonging and protection towards their other members.Eg. LIC jeevan bima policy ad. 7. Age Since time old, age has played a very important role in the Indian society. A person’s age has been synonymous with the amount of respect given to them. Even today, older people are treated with utmost respect and obedience is expected of the younger ones. Wisdom and experience of a person is calculated in terms of his age. In today’s times, the youth are very instrumental to the decision making process while purchasing a product. On the basis of the product, the advertiser must carefully target his age group and center the ad arou nd the mentality of the age group selected.Eg. Raymond teacher ad. 8. Care Since the familial values are very strong in the Indian system, love and affection play an important role. Love and care for others is considered to be an important value especially with the members of family and friends. Unlike their western counterparts, Indian children live with their parents even after reaching adulthood and are duty bound to serve their parents in their old age as a token of their affection. Parents fuss over their children and take care of them protectively from a tender age and even beyond adulthood.This feeling of care and affection is largely targeted by marketers to sell their products for they hit a soft spot among the Indian audiences with this value. Eg. Vicks ads. 9. Prestiege There is nothing more important to an Indian household than the family’s honour and prestiege. Indians bank a lot on social approval and the sense of prestiege they gain from it. That sense of prest iege even comes from indulging in luxury and living a high life. A lot of luxury related products target this aspect of the Indian audience and cater to their value of prestiege. Eg. Reid and Taylor Amitabh Bacchan ad. 10. OwnershipEver since the olden days, a personal home has been of epitome importance to the average Indian household. It is a matter of protection and pride to own a home. In this tight spaced urban world, it has become even more difficult to own a home. But nevertheless, Indians continue to strive for ownership of a home for both themselves and their loved ones. It ione of the most important consumer values. A lot of options are considered and a lot of research is conducted before a home purchase. A bevy of home loans have also eased the process of a purchase of a home. Marketers also target this aspect while advertising their product.They arouse temptation to own a home which coincides with the consumer’s desire of the same. Eg. Asian paints Bird ad 11. Ada ptability In spite of being from a conservative background, Indians have changed their behaviour with the changing times. People have adapted to the different languages in the country and different lifestyles with ease. This reflects the dynamic nature of the Indian population along with their ability to adapt to the changing times and the environment. This value is considered to be a sign of progress. Many advertisers wish to promote this value through their ads and encourage this aspect among the Indian public.The ads based on adaptability have proved instrumental in shaping the minds of the Indian audience as a whole. Eg. Aircel ad. Idea cellular Language ad 12. Religion This is by far the most important consumer value among Indians. Religion plays a very important role in India. There are people of numerous faiths and religions residing in this country. It is one the sure shot ways to get attention from the Indian audience through advertisements. But is also important to not off end the sentiments of the Indian audience as they are very sensitive when it comes to their religion.One has to be very careful while welding advertisements with religion. the Indian public adheres to their traditions and customs and is very dedicated towards maintaining their culture. Festivals are considered to be the best time for promotion of products in a religious theme. Eg. Tanishq ads (wedding) Aisanpaints pngal ad 13. Pleasure Pleasure relates to being happy and cheerful towards oneself and their surroundings. Everyone likes to indulge in pleasure after strenuous work. Indians especially like to please themselves with various pleasurable activities and believe in balancing work with play.The idea of pleasure, according to most Indians, is to spend time with their loved ones and engage in leisurely activities. While targeting this value of the Indian consumer, the advertiser has to keep in mind the mentality of the consumer and the nature of the product and blend both of the m. It could be themed around pleasure with intensity or pleasure with lightheartedness. Eg. Scooty pep+ ads Cadbury’s life ka swaad ads 14. Work Since the urbanization of Indian society, there has been an evermore increase in the job opportunities especially for the youth. The youth of the country have become very ambitious and aim high.The education levels have gone up and the literacy rate has also shot up. Having a high paying job has become very important to the average Indian consumer as his salary corresponds with his buying prowess. Advertisers should start aiming at this progressive value of the Indian audience and design their ads to suit this aspect as well as promote their products. Encouraging progress in terms of education and work has become a very important aspect in current Indian society and especially among the youth. Eg. The Sikkim Manipal University distance education ads. Bibliography Core Indian Values – an Advertising Perspective INDIAN CONSUMER: CORE VALUES We are all consumers. Everyday, we consume goods and services as individuals, families, groups and organizations. With every passing year, the consumer has not only become smarter but also choosier with his purchase. On top of that, the fact that the competition and the variety of products available in the market only add to the marketers’ woes. To succeed in this dynamic and increasingly complex marketing environment marketers have an urgent need to learn and anticipate whatever they can about consumers.The better they know and understand consumers the more advantageous it would prove when accomplishing their organizational objectives. In a diverse country like India, which is slowly shedding its conservative nature and is opening up to new possibilities on the marketorial front, it becomes even more difficult for an advertiser to understand his consumer’s behaviour. The Indian mentality is more complex and layered than our western counterp arts. The culture of this country is very different from most others for it is home to various religions, languages, customs and values.This amalgamation has led to the Indian consumer having various layers of reasoning behind every action. There are certain values that play a very important role while purchasing a product from the point of the view of the Indian consumer. An advertiser should keep these values in mind while targeting their Indian audience. 1. Family The Indian society is a family oriented one. Elder members of the family are considered to be the head of the family. Though joint families have now disintegrated into nuclear ones, the bond and importance of family remains the same.Family is by far the most important reference group. The family is a major influence on the consumption behaviour of its members and generally the target market for most products. The consumption patterns of family members are seldom independent from those of other family members. There is a n interdependent relationship between the members of the family. An advertiser selling family oriented products must target it for the benefit of every member of the family. Eg. Tata Ventura ad. 2. Peace Peace  is a state of harmony characterized by the lack of violent conflict.It also represents cosmic harmony. An individual seeks peace when he wishes to establish a personal relationship with the cosmos. India is country where different sects coming together causes chaos and conflict. Hence, peace is highly sought after both personally and internationally. An advertiser while selling a product, depending on its nature, must keep in mind the fact that his product must not invoke chaos in any form. He must try as much as possible to maintain decorum while advocating a product. Eg. Taj holidays. 3. Health India is slowly growing to be a very health conscious nation.Indian food offers a diversity of dishes that are very tasty and each provide a different delight. But at the same time . Some of them can be very heavy and unhealthy with continuous consumption. In the fast paced of today’s times, health has become of utmost importance. Various fitness centers are being set up everywhere and maintaining a healthy lifestyle has become very important to the average Indian consumer. Advertisers target this aspect of the Indian consumer while promoting various health related products. Eg. Saffola ads. D cold total ads 4. Time Time is of utmost importance in the Indian society. Natural time regulates ctivities with a â€Å"now† orientation. Indians have always factored in on time before starting or ending any event, both metaphysically and metaphorically. Time is considered to be an auspicious and important aspect for Indians. While making major purchases, time is factored in majorly. An advertiser can either portray the time factor majorly in his advertisement or he can portray it subtlely with respect to the product. Time also reflects the era the people live in and its dynamic nature. Eg. Hindustan times â€Å"It is time† campaign. 5. Will power. Will power is the strength to achieve the impossible or the difficult.Indians consider will power to be a treasurable value as it may lead to various achievements. If one gets over their fears and has the will power to achieve what many consider to be impossible then that person is highly respected. Without will power, one cannot alter events or restore it to the original post. India’s history has been witness to the importance of will power among the Indian public. Advertisers can theme their ads on the basis of will power thereby promoting their product and also gain popular vote for encouraging strength. Eg. Mountain Dew Darr Ke Aage jeet hai ads 6. SecurityA sense of security is very important in both a family and a community. Usually, the male member of the family is considered to be responsible for the security of the female counterparts in India. Females are especially protected in this society. But along with physical security, financial security has also become important for the modern Indian family. Many make investments so that the family is always financially secure. Protection of community is also a very important aspect as Indians are very community bound. Members of the same community usually have a sense of belonging and protection towards their other members.Eg. LIC jeevan bima policy ad. 7. Age Since time old, age has played a very important role in the Indian society. A person’s age has been synonymous with the amount of respect given to them. Even today, older people are treated with utmost respect and obedience is expected of the younger ones. Wisdom and experience of a person is calculated in terms of his age. In today’s times, the youth are very instrumental to the decision making process while purchasing a product. On the basis of the product, the advertiser must carefully target his age group and center the ad arou nd the mentality of the age group selected.Eg. Raymond teacher ad. 8. Care Since the familial values are very strong in the Indian system, love and affection play an important role. Love and care for others is considered to be an important value especially with the members of family and friends. Unlike their western counterparts, Indian children live with their parents even after reaching adulthood and are duty bound to serve their parents in their old age as a token of their affection. Parents fuss over their children and take care of them protectively from a tender age and even beyond adulthood.This feeling of care and affection is largely targeted by marketers to sell their products for they hit a soft spot among the Indian audiences with this value. Eg. Vicks ads. 9. Prestiege There is nothing more important to an Indian household than the family’s honour and prestiege. Indians bank a lot on social approval and the sense of prestiege they gain from it. That sense of prest iege even comes from indulging in luxury and living a high life. A lot of luxury related products target this aspect of the Indian audience and cater to their value of prestiege. Eg. Reid and Taylor Amitabh Bacchan ad. 10. OwnershipEver since the olden days, a personal home has been of epitome importance to the average Indian household. It is a matter of protection and pride to own a home. In this tight spaced urban world, it has become even more difficult to own a home. But nevertheless, Indians continue to strive for ownership of a home for both themselves and their loved ones. It ione of the most important consumer values. A lot of options are considered and a lot of research is conducted before a home purchase. A bevy of home loans have also eased the process of a purchase of a home. Marketers also target this aspect while advertising their product.They arouse temptation to own a home which coincides with the consumer’s desire of the same. Eg. Asian paints Bird ad 11. Ada ptability In spite of being from a conservative background, Indians have changed their behaviour with the changing times. People have adapted to the different languages in the country and different lifestyles with ease. This reflects the dynamic nature of the Indian population along with their ability to adapt to the changing times and the environment. This value is considered to be a sign of progress. Many advertisers wish to promote this value through their ads and encourage this aspect among the Indian public.The ads based on adaptability have proved instrumental in shaping the minds of the Indian audience as a whole. Eg. Aircel ad. Idea cellular Language ad 12. Religion This is by far the most important consumer value among Indians. Religion plays a very important role in India. There are people of numerous faiths and religions residing in this country. It is one the sure shot ways to get attention from the Indian audience through advertisements. But is also important to not off end the sentiments of the Indian audience as they are very sensitive when it comes to their religion.One has to be very careful while welding advertisements with religion. the Indian public adheres to their traditions and customs and is very dedicated towards maintaining their culture. Festivals are considered to be the best time for promotion of products in a religious theme. Eg. Tanishq ads (wedding) Aisanpaints pngal ad 13. Pleasure Pleasure relates to being happy and cheerful towards oneself and their surroundings. Everyone likes to indulge in pleasure after strenuous work. Indians especially like to please themselves with various pleasurable activities and believe in balancing work with play.The idea of pleasure, according to most Indians, is to spend time with their loved ones and engage in leisurely activities. While targeting this value of the Indian consumer, the advertiser has to keep in mind the mentality of the consumer and the nature of the product and blend both of the m. It could be themed around pleasure with intensity or pleasure with lightheartedness. Eg. Scooty pep+ ads Cadbury’s life ka swaad ads 14. Work Since the urbanization of Indian society, there has been an evermore increase in the job opportunities especially for the youth. The youth of the country have become very ambitious and aim high.The education levels have gone up and the literacy rate has also shot up. Having a high paying job has become very important to the average Indian consumer as his salary corresponds with his buying prowess. Advertisers should start aiming at this progressive value of the Indian audience and design their ads to suit this aspect as well as promote their products. Encouraging progress in terms of education and work has become a very important aspect in current Indian society and especially among the youth. Eg. The Sikkim Manipal University distance education ads. Bibliography