Cloning Essay examples -- essays research papers

Is Human Cloning Ethical?      Imagine that you have quite recently been determined to have lung malignant growth. You have been let you know have a half year to live except if you can discover two substitution lungs. Yet, you are told and acknowledge you are a clone and need to give your life to spare another. Is that morally right? OK, the first human need to do it? I feel that cloning individuals is morally and ethically off-base. Cloning is by all accounts a major issue on the planet today. The issues of cloning turned into a reality in 1997. On February 27, 1997, it was accounted for that researcher created the principal clone of a grown-up sheep, pulling in global consideration and bringing up issues of in the case of cloning should occur. Inside days, people in general called for morals requests and new laws to boycott cloning. The expected impacts of cloning are incredible. What might life resemble with ladies who can bring forth themselves, cloned people w ho are utilized for "spare parts," and hereditarily predominant cloned people? In light of the positive advances of cloning versus the negative impacts, one must ask him/herself in the case of cloning people ought to be prohibited completely. Regardless of whether it is moral or not science goes on with their trials in the cloning procedure. By and by, I think it’s progressively like regarding people as items not people.            The American Medical Association has four purposes of motivation behind why cloning ought not take pl...

SONY VAIO Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

SONY VAIO - Essay Example In addition, advertising fills in as a contact between the organizations and clients for the satisfaction of requirements of both the gatherings. In this manner, it should be client centered all together for the business to be gainful and profitable. This paper will focus on surveying the changing needs and needs of clients, the brand-building endeavors of the organizations and how various organizations utilize the advertising blend to make an incentive for their clients. The term 'Showcasing' is a wide idea including a few diverse sub-ideas in it. It is characterized as the procedure whereby organizations distinguish, examine and satisfy the necessities and needs of clients, include in esteem creation procedure and spotlight on building beneficial relations with clients so as to receive an incentive from them consequently (Kotler, Armstrong 2006). To put it plainly, showcasing is your system for dispensing assets (time and cash) so as to accomplish your targets (a reasonable benefit for providing a decent item or administration). (Ed Zimmer 1992) The two significant essential ideas in advertising are named as requirements and needs, which are the components of human brain research. It is critical to address the issues and needs of clients to drive deals, which is the premise of most organizations. Needs are fundamental for the human endurance and one can't go further throughout everyday life whenever denied from what one needs. While, needs are the all-inclusive type of human needs which are upheld up by one's way of life, character and economic wellbeing. In present promoting condition, the necessities and needs of clients are continually changing and moving. The awareness about increasing living expectations, increment in discretionary cashflow, changing patterns and molds have moved the customers' inclinations from being customary towards being current and progressed. Additionally, however a few clients recognize what they need, some essentially don't have the foggiest idea. What's more, some may have a thought of what they need without that essentially relating with what they need. It, in this manner, relies upon the advertising group to draw the necessities and looks for from them so as to devise an arrangement and achieve objectives. (Tim Millett) Item from purchaser's point of view In the present time of expanding advertising the board endeavors and spread of cutting edge media, customers have appended incredible desires to the items they devour. The fundamental goal of an item for the customers is to fulfill their necessities and to be of an incentive for them for example an item ought to have the option to convey the advantages to the clients equivalent to the costs they have paid for it. The item benefits the clients at three levels: Center Product alludes to the essential item and its advantages that shoppers are looking for. Genuine Product incorporates the item's outward highlights like brand name, structure,

Article Comparison Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Article Comparison - Research Paper Example be that as it may, their methodologies particularly vary from one another; the main article to be referenced here pretty much is hypothetical in its treatment of the subject while the subsequent article is more on application. Along this vein, I discover the article composed by Professor Barry Boehm to be finished and thorough on this point. It presents a strong foundation on the underpinnings and history on the dynamic advancement of programming building throughout the years. The said article presents the topic in an unmistakable, exact and straightforward route for the two specialists and non-specialists to comprehend. The approach is better and the end sounder contrasted with the following article in this paper. This is on the grounds that the composing style advances to an a lot more extensive crowd of perusers yet at the same time had the option to introduce enough specialized subtleties for individuals to get a handle on the noteworthiness of future turns of events. Individuals are properly concerned what impacts if at any time a huge scope glitch or a framework breakdown that is programming incited will have on the whole world (Barry, 2006, p. 20) among now and the year 2025. Articulate disorder wil l without a doubt follow and the outcomes verge on the nightmarish. Barry has extremely wide perspectives on the whole history and the hypothesis behind each significant achievement in programming improvement; strong establishing in principle is an essential before one endeavors something. It resembles how the nuclear bomb got imagined from the previous hypotheses created by hypothetical physicists. Prof. Barry further breathed life into his exposition with a guess of a world â€Å"flattened† by programming. Then again, the subsequent article by writers M. Brambilla et al. would advance more to the in fact arranged individuals like programming designers and programming software engineers than standard individuals. It is a magnificent paper however is profoundly specialized; it tends to be contrasted with taking a gander at the trees as opposed to the backwoods and concerned more with the part of pragmatic applications. It could be said, the article by M. Brambilla et al. is written in a more

Organizational Culture And Human Resource Management Essay

This paper will comprehensively discuss the concept of organizational culture, the internal and external factors and its relation to human resource management. The critique of how organizational culture can promote or hinder organizational processes and outcomes is discussed. The concept of organizational culture refers to the personality of an organization, and the personality is build up by group of people with differences. Each individuals of the organization plays an uniqueness roles. Organizational culture is defined as an assembly of traditions, values, procedures, conceptions and attitudes with creates the context of activities in the organization (Schein, 2012). Organization culture is also an important part of management as it is the hinge which decides the function of the organization. Culture helps to promote inner integration, bring labor force from all layers of the organization much nearer together, increases moral, and enhances their performance (Catalin, 2011). Organizational culture has a central role to play in the life of any organization as its analysis aids in the understanding of what goes on inside and outside of the organization, especially as it relates to the interactions within the organization and to its external stakeholders. This also implies that members in an organization develop a collective identity which helps them to work together and helps them in the course of adaptation to external environment (Kim Quinn, 2011). With a strongShow MoreRelatedOrganizational Culture And Human Resource Management1048 Words   |  5 Pagescompanies which there is congruency between national culture and human resources practices. If the human resources management practices are not in line with the basic tenets shared by employees, it will lead to dissatisfa ction, lack of commitment and discomfort among the employees (Early, 1994). Introduction Culture affects and governs all facets of life by influencing values, attitudes and behavior of a society, while organizational culture relates to the unique modes of carrying out their activitiesRead MoreNursing and The Organizational Culture of Human Resource Management1495 Words   |  6 PagesOrganizational culture can play a very important role in any corporation’s success. As we learn more about how to make a company more successful through effective management of Human Resource, we are learning of the value of people, as a whole, and how they contribute to the success or failure of an organization. That’s even more so true with in healthcare organizations. Nurses play a pivotal role in the health care profession and make up the majority of healthcare workers in a hospital settingRead MoreHuman Resource Management Affects Organizations Performance1141 Words   |  5 PagesThe issue of how the human resource management affects organizations performance has alway s presented in academic world. Many scholars have done a lot of theoretical and field work, trying to prove that the contribution and impact of human resource management on organizational performance. Human resource management provides direction and enhances competitiveness in organization, and becoming a strategic partner in helping companies improves its performance (Ajit Kumar Kar, 2012). However, when itRead MoreInfluence Of Organizational Culture On Corporate Performance746 Words   |  3 Pagesproposition that organizational culture is found to be a filter through which leadership influences various performance outcomes. Human Resource Management Organizational culture affects corporate performance. Corporate culture is a deeply embedded form of social control that influences employee decisions and behavior. Culture is persistent and operates unintentionally. It is an automatic pilot directing employees in ways that are consistent with organizational expectations. Corporate culture assistsRead MoreHuman Resources And Organizational Development1046 Words   |  5 PagesHuman Resources and Organizational Development Employee Empowerment Working together may be crucial since the individual functions of these two departments are not the same. The most important function of Organizational Development is to align the mission, values, and culture of the entire organization to create partnerships between employees and management. Their emphasis is on connecting the employees and departments to work as a team by instilling the company’s main beliefs. Many employers feelRead Moreorganizational behaviour1261 Words   |  6 Pages Organizational Behavior MG6013 The exploration of the theories, research and practices that allow a better understanding of human behavior in organizations. Topics include motivation and job satisfaction; decision making; group dynamics; work teams; leadership; communication; power, politics and conflict; organization culture, structure and design; impact of technology; management of work stress; organizational change andRead MoreTraining Needs Assessment, Evaluation, Success, And Organizational Strategy And Effectiveness1035 Words   |  5 Pages1. Anderson, J.E. (2000). Training needs assessment, evaluation, success, and organizational strategy and effectiveness: An exploration of the relationships. (Doctoral dissertation, Utah State University. Logan, UT). 2. Appelbaum, S.H., Ayre, H. Shapiro, B.T. (2002). Career management in information technology: A case study. Career Development International, 7(3), 142-158. 3. Arokiasamy, L., Ismail, M., Ahmad, A. Othman, J. (2011). Predictors of academics’ career advancement at Malaysian privateRead MoreThe Human Resource ( Hr )1655 Words   |  7 PagesThe human resource (HR) in an organization deals with the day to day operations of the human resources department. The HR department deals with business law, compensation, employee relations, benefits, medical and the like. HR focuses on whom the organization hires, whom the organization fires and remediation to employees who need discipline and retooling to continue their employment. The functions of the HR department in my organization include: recruiting and retaining talent, performance managementRead MoreAn Introduction to Organizational Behavior1638 Words   |  7 PagesAn Introduction to Organizational Behavior 1. Define organizational behavior (OB) and explain its roots - a field of study that seeks to understand, explain, predict and change human behavior, both individual and collective, in the organizational context - includes 3 levels ï  ® individual: employee motivation and perception ï  ® group: teams, communication, job design, and leadership ï  ® organization-wide: change, culture and organizational structure ï  ® interorganizational (network): outsourcingRead MoreHr Intergation with Cultural873 Words   |  4 PagesIntegration Contribute Organizational Culture to Google, Scripps and UPS Success MSL660 Human Resource Management Billy Manning Belhaven University Dr. Adam Google over the years have developed a working relationship with HR and the organizational culture that has made them a leading competitor in their marketplace as well as a successful one. At Google one can see how organizational culture and HR strategy contributed to their success. For example, the human capital which is the collective

Customer Service Policy For Business Essay - 3290 Words

Introduction Customer service is now the one of the most buzzing word in the business. Satisfactions of the customers are vital for any kind of business no matter what the business is –service or product oriented. Making sure of the customers’ satisfaction provides the business with the extra edge of competitive advantage in the competitive business world. Thus there is no alter rather the assurance of customers’ satisfaction is the best way of competing and making success of the business. Task 1Customer service policies with in business and service context and understanding of purpose of promoting customers focused culture a) Summarization of customer service policy (ESQi) of Enterprise Rent a Car and highlight of the reasons of the development of this policy Customers are the main key to the business as there satisfaction is very vital for the business. If customers are satisfied with the business then it is good for the health of the business if otherwise then worst happen to the business thus the satisfaction is worth mentioned as explained by Gitomer (1998). That is why every business in this competitive world should focus on their customers and build their policies according to their customers. Customer service policy of the Enterprise Rent a Car is the result of the survey that was undertake by the company to find out the satisfaction level of the company’s’ customers. The ESQi is the way of measuring the performance of the several branches of the Enterprise of Rent aShow MoreRelatedCustomer Service Policies1108 Words   |  5 Pages CUSTOMER SERVICE Submitted by Florentina Mihaela Badea ID Number: 21056 TABLE OF CONTENTS : 1) Customer Service Policy...................................................................... 2) Reasons for Customer Service Policy............................................... 3) Conclusion.........................................................Read MoreBSBCUS501C Innovative Widgets Assessmen1412 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Customer Service Plan Vision Innovative Widgets to be considered a leader in superior quality products and customer service. Mission Innovative Widgets will provide customers a positive experience in customer service throughout all aspects of our business. Product Standards Standards Description 1 Dimensions Widgets are manufactured in sizes: 5mm, 6mm, 10mm, 15mm and 18mm 2 Tolerances We guarantee our Widgets to +/- 3% of size indicated. Widgets which do not meet this quality may be returned forRead MoreThe Impact Of E Commerce On Retail Industry1697 Words   |  7 Pagesimpact of E-Commerce on the ‘Retail Industry’ August 8 2016 The Findings and Analysis of customer information on an e-commerce platform. The Improved Marketing techniques of e-commerce. Security issues associated with conducting business over the internet and the methods used to combat these security vulnerabilities’ on e-commerce and the use of social media e-commerce the conventional method of conducting business today â€Æ' The Main Elements of E-Commerce and the impact of E-Commerce on ‘Retail Industry’Read MoreThe Customer Service Department of a Business Essay1342 Words   |  6 PagesThe Customer Service Department of a Business Customer service, a department within a company, which tries to ensure that customers are happy, both with the goods or the service the business/company is providing, also the manner in which the manner they are served by employees and the company approach towards them. All businesses need customers to buy their products and services. In order to do this companys and businesses must treat customers respectively so thatllRead MoreCustomer Service1275 Words   |  6 PagesProviding customer service Since our restaurant can exists only because of customers, and in particular repeat customers who voluntarily choose to return here and spend their money and time to our food, beverage and service. Without our customer we don’t have a restaurant, they are the only reason we are here. As a result, taking care of our customers is our highest priority, in fact a privilege, never an interruption. At our restaurant the customer always comes first. b. Dealing with customer complaintsRead MoreComponents Of Good Customer Service1149 Words   |  5 Pagesit is important for us to take good care of our customers and show cause for potential customer to allow us to service their needs. In the small town of Morris Run, PA, ‘The Store’ offers convenience items, a dine-in and take out menu, as well as e-commerce products, including several specialty products sold at ‘The Store’. ‘The Store’s’ customer service policy outlines and includes store protocols, which employees must follow to deal with customers, in a manner which demonstrates the responsibilityRead MoreCustomer Service1186 Words   |  5 Pagessome companies aim to look after their customers well, ensuring that the customer is at the heart of their business and everything they do. In marketing terms this is called being customer focused. It is important to realise that customers can take their business anywhere they want t o and if they are not satisfied they will take their business elsewhere. Therefore, it is very important to understand who our customers are, their expectations of the service they experience and how that effects futureRead MorePolicy Restricting Personal Use Of Computers And Systems1591 Words   |  7 PagesACCEPTABLE USE POLICY POLICY restricting personal use of computers and systems NOTE: This document contains IA Controls 1. SCOPE: This policy applies to all employees who use a Big Tech BYOD or any computer on Big Tech Network 2. CONSENT PROVISION. By signing this document, you acknowledge and consent that when you access Big Tech : a. You are accessing This Acceptable Use Policy (AUP) applies to all Big Tech Internet-related services, without restriction services provided through WiFi (Service or Services)Read MoreAnalysis Of The United States Privacy Policy783 Words   |  4 PagesUnited States Privacy Policy This Privacy Policy describes how XYZ Inc. collects, uses, shares, and retains personally identifiable information provided by customers. This Privacy Policy pertains only to customers located in the United States; other branches may have different privacy policies based on the laws and requirements of their locations. This policy doesn’t pertain to the practices of other entities such as business partners, i.e., vendors, sponsors, or advertisers (Neuhaus, 2017). ModificationsRead MoreMagid Glove And Safety Case Analysis Essay1169 Words   |  5 PagesThis particular company is proud of the fact that they are â€Å"family owned, financially strong, and an independent company† (A Rich History of Service, 2015). Out of all of the employees, I chose to interview Patrick Sullivan. Patrick Sullivan is the Network Engineer for Magid Glove and Safety IT team and frequently transacts with internal and external customers. On several occasions, Mr. Sullivan has worked with the sales team to help explain new technology offered by Magid Glove and Safety through

Comparative Analysis of the Aeneid, Odyssey, and Iliad Essay

Comparative Analysis of the Aeneid, Odyssey, and Iliad The Iliad and the Odyssey are two of the best Greek epics written by Homer. Despite their popularity, almost nothing is known about the author beyond the existence of his masterpieces. Surprisingly enough no concrete evidence of his existence is available; not even to confirm the same person created the two works. The authorship of the Iliad and the Odyssey were debated even in the times of the ancient Greeks. Many scholars have argued that Homer did not compose the Iliad and the Odyssey; only compiled over the centuries by many different storytellers. Certainly, it is known that the stories that comprise these two works come from a long mythological tradition. The Iliad in†¦show more content†¦Luckily enough, he gained the favor of Augustus therefore the Aeneid serves to legitimize the reign of this benefactor. In establishing the foundations of Rome, Virgil often foreshadows the eventual rule of Augustus, perhaps to placate critics who claimed that the emperor ruled because of treachery. To use fate as an explanation for changes in leadership was an easy way to justify the rule of Augustus. Despite the definite political leanings the Aeneid has, it is still a great epic poem. Virgils popularity soared throughout the Middle Ages and into the Renaissance. He inspired many poets such as Dante, and Milton in English. However, there has been a different trend in modern society. Virgil is now often times compared to Homer, the conclusion being that Homer is superior to Virgil. Furthermore, Virgil himself often was inspired by Homer. There are several large differences between the Odyssey and the Iliad and the Aeneid. Homer was a master of ironic tragedy; therefore his two works are both tragedies, albeit adventures. The Aeneid however, is not a tragedy as the main character is destined to succeed unlike the protagonists in the Iliad and the Odyssey. The Aeneid begins and ends with parallels to the Iliad, using references to Troy and her people: The Iliad starts off with: I sing of warfare and a man at war. From the sea- coast of Troy in early days He came to Italy by

How Would I Present Prometheus Bound In An Essay Example For Students

How Would I Present Prometheus Bound In An Essay A monologue from the play by Percy Bysshe Shelley NOTE: This monologue is reprinted from Prometheus Unbound; A Lyrical Drama in Four Acts with Other Poems. Percy Bysshe Shelley. London: C and J Ollier, 1820. MERCURY: Crouch then in silence. Awful Sufferer!To thee unwilling, most unwillinglyI come, by the great Fathers will driven down,To execute a doom of new revenge.Alas! I pity thee, and hate myselfThat I can do no more: aye from thy sightReturning, for a season, Heaven seems Hell,So thy worn form pursues me night and day,Smiling reproach. Wise art thou, firm and good,But vainly wouldst stand forth alone in strifeAgainst the Omnipotent; as yon clear lampsThat measure and divide the weary yearsFrom which there is no refuge, long have taughtAnd long must teach. Even now thy Torturer armsWith the strange might of unimagined painsThe powers who scheme slow agonies in Hell,And my commission is to lead them here,Or what more subtle, foul, or savage fiendsPeople the abyss, and leave them to their task.Be it not so! there is a secret knownTo thee, and to none else of living things,Which may transfer the sceptre of wide Heaven,The fear of which perplexes the Supreme:Clothe it in words, and bid it clasp his throneIn intercession; bend thy soul in prayer,And like a suppliant in some gorgeous fane,Let the will kneel within thy haughty heart:For benefits and meek submission tameThe fiercest and the mightiest.

Human Resources Management The Key to Strategic Success

Introduction Human resource management is a relatively young concept in the management of people in an organizational setting. This approach of managing employees considers people the most important resources in any organization (Daft Marcic 2004). Human resource management entails the recruitment, selection, training, and development of the body of people that make up an organization in any sector of the economy (Anto 2013).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Human Resources Management: The Key to Strategic Success specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Kreitner (2008) defines HRM an organization’s process of enrollment, choosing, progress, deployment, reimbursement, and inspiration of human resources. According to Davidson, Woods, Simon, and Griffin (2008), human resource management involves the arrangement, categorization, leading, managing procurement processes, and improvement of organizational status until i ndividual and collective targets are accomplished. The two functions of HRM chosen in this essay are recruitment and selection. These processes are important for any organization that aims to improve the output of its human resource. The essay looks at how these functions are important in the competitive advantage of any organization. The study shows how these activities enable HRM meet its strategic objectives. HRM and Competitive Advantage An organization’s human resources can be a significant source of competitive advantage. The performance of an organization is associated with how well this organization is able to influence the performance of its human resource. According to Anto (2013), human resource determines the success or failure of an organization. The human resource department in an organization influences its output through a number of ways. One way in which the competitive advantage of an organization is influenced by the human resource is through the introducti on of efficiency, which is the manner in which an organization ensures adequate output (Buchanan Huczynski 2004). HRM enables the effective utilization of human resource in an organization. Besides, it allows effective performance in all functions of the organization. Human resource management also enables the subdivision of functions in an organization. This strategy constitutes the subdivision of responsibilities and hence the adequate performance of the organization. Employees are able to work effectively in an organization that has clearly defined employee roles (Sung Choi 2014).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Companies with a well-managed human resource are better competitors based on the exemplary output that they are able to register in comparison with organizations that lack these practices. The human resource department in an organization can ensure improved comp etitive advantage for an organization through the improvement of efficiency (Robbins Coulter 2009). The arm is the main contact point between the company and its clients. When employees are well motivated and/or have a positive attitude, they are able to maintain a significant client base for the organization (Anto 2013). This function ensures improved competitive advantage. Recruitment and Selection The two HRM activities that have been chosen for study include the recruitment and selection functions, which are important to the general performance and competitive advantage of an organization (Daft 2008). There is a need for cooperation between the various individuals who are involved in human resource management for the above processes to be successful (Jones George 2009). Recruitment and selection should be a planned, rational, and sequentially linked activity. Australian Human Resources Institute (n.d) has given a detailed description of what recruitment and selection entail. R ecruitment is a process that generates a pool of people that the organization recognizes as capable of applying for employment (Bartol, Martin, Tein, Matthews 2007; Australian Human Resources Institute n.d). On the other hand, selection is the process by which the individuals who are concerned with HRM in an organization use special tools to choose employees from a predetermined pool (Jones George 2009). According to Bartol et al. (2007), people who are selected from this pool are the most suitable to succeed in the available roles while working within the legal requirements and goals of the organization. Although these two functions of HRM are closely linked, there are different requirements for each of the functions, especially in the form of skills, expertise, and qualifications (Bartol et al. 2007).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Human Resources Management: The Key to Strategic Success specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, different staff members may be called to perform these functions. According to Start-up Special (n.d), some organizations even outsource the recruitment functions from external agencies. Recruitment and selection are important in the people management in organizations. People involved in the management of employees in organizations have a role to play in the recruitment and selection of employees, and it is not a requirement for them to be human resource managers (Bartol et al. 2007). Recruitment and selection of employees enables an organization to develop an adequate workforce to meet its goals and objectives. Therefore, the two activities contribute to the competitive advantage of an organization. A competency approach is one of the established strategies in the recruitment and selection of employees, with the results being highly qualified workers who are suited for the various available jobs (Baron 2000). When adopted in the recruitment and selection of employees, this approach ensures that employees who are available in the organization have the abilities and/or skills that are needed to perform the various functions of the organization (Bhattacharya, Gibson, Doty 2005). This approach is better than the traditional one where employees were matched to the jobs that were available for an organization. Recruitment and selection processes that adopt and welcome individual differences ensure the best performance of employees in the organization (O’Meara Petzall 2013). A diversity approach in recruitment and selection creates thinking performers among the recruited employees, and hence better organizational performance (O’Meara Petzall 2013). Therefore, recruitment and selection activities within HRM are critical in human resource management.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Introduction of Processes to build Recruitment and Selection Organizations can introduce practices to build the recruitment and selection activities within their operations. Since recruitment and selection are important activities within an organization, there is a need to get these activities right. The organization needs to adopt practices that ensure positive performance of recruitment and selection. The resourcing cycle in an organization needs to be well-defined (Anto 2013). The processes within the recruitment cycle in organizations such as recruitment and selection need to be carried out in a timely and professional manner. Some of the practices that an organization may introduce to ensure efficiency in the above processed of HRM include outsourcing in relevant agencies (O’Meara Petzall 2013). Some organizations are unable to perform adequate recruitment and selection of employees effectively. They may ensure that this role is done through contracting agencies that ar e experienced especially in recruitment. The other way that organizations may introduce a change in these practices is through the training of individuals who are concerned with carrying out these practices. According to O’Meara and Petzall (2013), training ensures that the management and other people who are concerned with recruitment and selection of candidates make decisions that affect the company positively. Recruitment and Selection and their relation to HRM Strategic Objectives The strategic objectives of HRM are similar in most organizations. The underlying ones include the provision of organizations with the best-qualified employees who can fill certain positions. Recruitment and selection are directly linked to the ability of HRM to meet these objectives (Meara Petzall 2013). One way that these activities ensure that the HRM strategic objectives are met is that they act as control areas for the activities. These activities are the first ones to be performed within the recruitment cycle. Therefore, employers are able to determine the type of staff that they get through the selection of employees who are best suited for their organization (Robbins Stagg 2011). During this part of the recruitment cycle, the employer may set the requirements for the potential employees. Recruitment and selection should be set according to the needs of an organization and according to the available resources (Sultana Razi 2012). Confirming this claim, Leung (2014) addresses the need to focus on the worker’s experience when recruiting new employees. The activities enable the organizations to select employees who are suited to the tasks within the organization and/or who can work under the conditions in the organization. They should work under the desired organizational culture for this organization. The activities may also be used to establish the quality of employees within an organization together with the required training. Therefore, recruitment and se lection are important control areas for employees who end up within an organization. They enable the HRM departments within an organization to set and meet their strategic objectives. Conclusion In conclusion, human resource management is an important part of an organization. It enables organizations meet their strategic objectives. The essay has established that the main activities of human resource management are recruitment, selection, training, and development. The competitive advantage for organizations can be assured through efficient and effective HRM practices. The two activities of HRM that have been discussed in this essay are recruitment and selection. These processes have been established as important ones in the success of an organization. The introduction of effective processes and management strategies for these activities ensures that the recruitment cycle in an organization leads to qualified and well-suited employees. References Anto, M 2013, ‘Human Resource Management Practices of Selected Companies’, European Journal of Business Management, vol. 5 no. 18, pp. 35-38. Australian Human Resources Institute n.d, Recruitment and Selection, https://www.ahri.com.au/. Baron, D 2006, Business and its environment, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, NJ. Bartol, K, Martin, D, Tein, M Matthews, G 2007, Management: a Pacific Rim focus, McGraw-Hill Education, N.S.W, North Ryde. Bhattacharya, M, Gibson, D Doty, H 2005, ‘The Effects of Flexibility in Employee Skills, Employee Behaviors, and Human Resource Practices on Firm Performance’, Journal of Management, vol. 31 no. 1, pp. 622-640. Buchanan, D Huczynski, A 2004, Organizational Behavior: An Introductory Text, Patience Hall, New Jersey, NJ. Daft, R Marcic, D 2008, Understanding management, Thomson/South-Western, Mason, Ohio. Daft, R 2006, The New era of Management, Thomson/South-Western, International Mason, Ohio. Davidson, P, Woods, P, Simon, A Griffin, W 200 8, Management, Wiley Publications, London. Jones, G George, M 2009, Contemporary Management, Academic Internet Publishers, New York, NY. Kreitner, R 2008, Management, Cengage Learning, New York, NY. Leung, M 2014, ‘Dilettante or Renaissance Person? How the Order of Job Experiences Affects Hiring in an External Labor Market’, American Sociological Review February, no. 79 no. 1, pp. 136-158. O’Meara, B Petzall, S 2013, The Handbook Of Strategic Recruitment And Selection: A Systems Approach, Pearson Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, N.J. Robbins, B Stagg, C 2011, Management, Pearson Education, Australia. Robbins, S Coulter, M 2009, Management, Pearson Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, N.J. Start-up Special n.d, Human Resource Management, https://www.inc.com/encyclopedia/human-resource-management.html. Sultana, N Razi, A 2012, ‘Is Recruitment and Staffing Decisions Are Crucial to Success?’, Global Journal of Management Business Research, vol. 12 no. 20, pp. 81-85. Sung, S Choi, J2014, ‘Do organizations spend wisely on employees? Effects of training and development investments on learning and innovation in organizations’, Journal of Organizational Behavior, vol. 35, no. pp. 393–412. 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5 Ways to Reach the Level of Ronald Reagan Speech Writers

5 Ways to Reach the Level of Ronald Reagan Speech Writers 5 Ways to Reach the Level of Ronald Reagan Speech Writers A speech is a kind of presentation that is essential to prepare correctly. Your speech has to captivate the audience and move them in a way that other presentations do not. Ronald Reagan’s performances were always superb, and following his masterful example can give us inspiration to write better. Of course, if we want to reach the highest level of speech writing, we have to practice a lot and sharpen our skills. Here are 5 tips on how to create a perfect speech in the same vein as the famous Ronald Reagan speech writers do this. 1. Profound Research Really do your research – not surface skimming of a few short pieces, but profound research. If you always mull over what you want to talk about for a while before you have to do it, your ideas will not be such a thing that you read off a paper and forget instantly. Instead, they will be a part of you, and your preparation will show in your confidence. A speech is a kind of presentation that you can’t just do off the cuff if you don’t know what you really feel about the particular topic. It should take you some research. 2. Target Audience Try to understand the audience. It is quite important to know whom you will be speaking to. If you’re addressing students, they won’t be interested in knowing how to withdraw an annuity, and if your audience is nothing but pensioners, they won’t be interested in risky investments that take about 30 years to be worthwhile. If there are special interest groups, think about their particular concerns and find a way to involve them in the body of your speech. Don’t think they won’t notice if you leave them out. Seeing things from your audience’s point of view is essential to connect with them while speaking. 3. Personal Experience Tell authentic stories from your own life or the lives of other people whom you know. Nothing gets an audience interested in, like a story where they want to keep listening so they can find out what will happen at the end. It doesn’t have to be a sensational story, and you definitely shouldn’t exaggerate what really happened. Even a short anecdote can help your main points sink in and make them more relatable to your audience – in other words, they bring the speech down from an abstract level to real life. 4. Created List Make a list of points to cover before you begin. In order not to miss anything, you have to make some notes. The order is essential here. You can still look up into the faces of the audience and speak extemporaneously on the same level, but you have to make sure that you are not missing an essential building block. 5. Expressed Emotions Use the emotion of beautiful, poetic language. In no speech of Reagan’s was this more true than in the difficult address he gave following the Challenger’s explosion and the deaths of six crewman and a schoolteacher. Peggy Noonan, a little-known speech writer, has created the perfect words for the occasion by remembering a poem from her childhood and including phrases from it in the speech. Who can forget Reagan saying, â€Å"We will never forget them, nor the last time we saw them, this morning, as they prepared for their journey and waved goodbye and ‘slipped the surly bonds of earth’ to ‘touch the face of God.† It is never too late, or too early to practice your writing as well as to sharpen your writing skills. Follow these tips to make your speeches catchy and memorable for the audience.

Education - Questions and Answers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Education - Questions and Answers - Essay Example This definition of curriculum stems from the proposition of formal learning, which considers it as an organized and systematic discourse. As such, curriculum becomes the distinctive feature that differentiates formal learning from informal learning. Learning is a process that demands certain systems and designs in order for it to achieve its set objectives. Due to its logical nature, the learning process entails the organization of knowledge in accordance with the objectives of interests of the students (European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training, 2011). On this score, the learning process is considered as a needs-based discourse that takes place in controlled environments that are governed by specific procedures and order. In essence, curriculum development must relate to the objectives of learning as a systematic process that proceeds in sequence from a point of relatively lesser knowledge to the projected point of adequate knowledge. Curriculum provides the mechani cs that enables the learning process. It provides the kinetic force that appropriates the learning process in accordance with the needs of the students (Kern et al, 2009). Alternative explanations contend that a curriculum is basically a plan that governs the learning process of the teaching process. This kind of explanation often considers curriculum as a document. In essence, curriculum is considered as a documentation that defines the limits and scope of the learning process in any given field of study. It serves as a guide to the teacher about the methods to be adopted in the learning process. It defines the boundaries of the learning process of a given subject in terms of the aspects to be included and those to be excluded from the learning process (Kern et al, 2009). The pursuit of the details in the curriculum helps the teacher to concentrate his or her focus on the pertinent issues that attach to the field of study (Subang, 2011). These issues are usually developed in line w ith the social, economic, political, and other forms of human discourses that have to be addressed by the study. This implies that curriculums must evolve with the changing nature of realities on which it is based. For example, studies in intelligence have often changed their curriculum in line with the changing nature of global insecurities. In the particular example of the United States, the military educational curriculum has undergone a determined shift from the cold war era to the modern age. During the cold war era the intelligence courses in the United States had their curriculum focussed primarily on the tensions between the United States and the Soviet bloc. The design of the curriculum was designed to be responsive to the needs of the society as they manifested themselves at that period. However, after the disintegration of the Soviet Union and the emergence of global terrorism, the curriculum has been changed in such a manner that there is more emphasis on the phenomena o f global terrorism than on the threat posed by Russia. Legislations One of the most important legislations by the United States Congress was the Native Culture, Language, and Access for Success in Schools Act. This bill was sponsored by Senator Daniel Akaka in 2011. This act was primarily intended to level the field of education by recognizing the challenges faced by non-native American students and teachers in the learning process. Among other things, it directed states to lower the kind of

Review #2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Review #2 - Essay Example Yet there are still many unanswered questions, and it is likely that our current understanding of pre-Homo sapiens past will change completely as new evidence is discovered (Wenke and Olszewski, 85). Many scientists fascinated by the relatively short time between the earth’s formation and the density of the modern day human civilizations, believe that life on earth comes from the accidental connection of the earth’s orbit with the cloud of complex chemicals brewed in some ancient stellar explosion. On the other hand, many people believe in the Divine creation story. However, the major argument of anthropology is that one should begin any research into our origins, history as well as destiny bearing in mind the real-world factors of culture, climate, and genetics among others. With the careful study of the shattered fragments of our ancestors, their tools and other material evidence we can at least detect something about our nature and our past. According to Wenke and Olszewski (86), a human being is a unique animal who is different from other life-forms. A traditional view is that we are unique in our ability to manipulate symbols and that the evolution of this ability underlies in all human achievements. Although it’s a fact that modern humans are different from other primates, it should be noted that our earlier ancestors were so much alike to other primates as one goes back in time and we must also admit that symbolic capacities of our ancestor remain unknown to

Process Design and Management Essay Example for Free

Process Design and Management Essay Increased co-production of goods and services (Process Design and Management) The Internet has opened new ways for the customer to interact directly with a firm. Simple direct entry and monitoring of orders is only the first step in the progression of value-added services made possible through information sharing. 1. 0 Introduction The topic of process design and management will generally goes on explaining the word ‘design’, in its broadest sense, is right at the heart of operations management. The design is an activity that can be approached at different levels of detail. Design must reflect the needs of customers, and able applies to products, services and processes. It can be managed as an operations transformation process in its own right. Moreover, the design is starts with something very abstract which represents a concept and ends with something very specific, which means by the final design. Some defines that to ‘design’ is to conceive the looks, arrangement, and workings of something before it is created. First, the position of the process according to its volume and variety characteristics must be defined. Eventually the details of the process must be analyzed to ensure that it fulfills its objectives effectively. Product/service design and process design are interrelated. Small changes in the design of products and services can have profound implications for the way the operation eventually has to produce them. Similarly, the design of a process can constrain the freedom of product and service designers to operate as they would wish. The relationship between designing products and services on one hand and designing the processes that make them is an important point to consider. It is possible to separate product design and process design in manufacturing sector, however it is impossible in practice to separate service design and process design. This is because many services (especially high visibility services) are the same thing. Even in manufacturing industries there has recently been considerable effort put into examining the overlap between product and process design. There is a growing recognition that the design of products has a major effect on the cost of making them. Many of the decisions were taken during the design of products (for example, choosing the material from which the roduct is going to be made, or the way in which the various components are fastened together) will all define much of the cost of making it. , Therefore, to evaluate the various choices which the designer faces in terms of their effect on manufacturing cost as well as on the functionality of the product itself. Also, the way in which product and process design overall has a significant effect on the time between starting the initial concept design for the product and eventually getting it to market. 2. 0Discussion 2. 1Internet Contributed in Online Purchase Process With the advancement of technology, many aspects of the face-to-face interpersonal dynamics in service encounters between sellers and customers have been replaced with technology-based Internet interfaces. Internet can be regarded as sets of connected firms. A retailer can use an Internet presence to reach consumers all around the world. The Internet makes the expanded range of products, services, and information accessible for consumers from geographically distant and/or emerging markets. In recent years, e-commerce has grown dramatically in terms of volume and variety of goods and services traded. This has created significant opportunities to serve customers through internet stores. It is important for internet stores to focus on achieving higher customer satisfaction to increase co-production of goods and services and to retain customers. According to Field and Smith, internet interaction between a retailer and a customer from the point the customer arrives at the retailer’s website to the point the retailer fulfills the customer’s order, has quickly emerged to become an important class of service operations (Field et al. , 2004; Smith et al. , 2007). Co-production of goods and services in internet is growing steadily. For example, in the third quarter of 2009, internet retailing sales in the U. S totaled approximately $34 billion, a 4. 5% increase from the previous quarter. The quality of the internet on the purchase process has been found to affect customers’ purchase decisions, satisfaction, and loyalty in online retailing (Zeithaml et al. , 2002; Wolfinbarger and Gilly, 2009). Hence, to be competitive in the market place, internet is the paramount and as the new ways for the customer to interact directly with a firm. Besides that, the internet is responsive and convenient for customers in the online purchase process. Through internet, the firms being able respond to the unique needs and wants of individual customers by providing the â€Å"right content in the right format to the right person at the right time. † Retailers can facilitate a convenient and responsive online purchase process, serve their customers better, improve customer satisfaction and increase retention. Customer satisfaction is the ultimate result of meeting a consumer’s expectation from the performance of products. Most satisfied customers normally have the intention to re-purchase the products if product performance meets his or her expectation. Like traditional business, online businesses also need to satisfy their customers. Customer satisfaction is one of the central constructs in the study of consumer behavior both in traditional and online business environment (Alam et al. , 2008) found that website design is one of the unique features affecting online shopping environment (Shergill and Chen. , 2005) identified web site design characteristics as the dominant factor which influences consumer perceptions of online purchasing. It can be argued that online shoppers want to receive the right quality and right quantity of items that they have ordered within the stipulated time offer by the e-tailers. In addition, time and cost saving are the main advantages of online shopping. Time efficiency and store efficiency are reflected in time cost and price savings respectively (Devaraj et al. , 2002). These are the determinants of satisfaction. Delivery performance has significant influence on customer satisfaction (Lee and Joshi et al. , 2007; Ahn et al. , 2004; Ho et al. 2004); Grewal et al. , 2004 and Shih et al. , 2004). One of the examples of online firm that successfully increase their co-production of goods and services via internet is Amazon. In an annual study tracking customer satisfaction ratings with the top 10 online retailers, perhaps the biggest takeaway is that Amazon is the world’s biggest e-retailer for a reason that it just plain makes customers happier than their competitors (show by Table 1 below). Amazon continues to set the standard for e-retailers. For instance, upon arrival at the Amazon. om website, a registered customer is greeted by the customer’s name. The customer is then provided with recommendations of products that the customer might be interested in, based on the product searched for or those previously bought by the customer. The website provides the option of receiving reminders of special events like birthdays of loved ones or information about the arrival of the latest books by their preferred author. When the customer is ready to make the purchase, the website retrieves the personal account information such as shipping and payment. In the early stages of Internet development, trust is a critical factor in stimulating purchases over the Internet. Trust is not only a short-term issue but the most significant long-term barrier for realizing the potential of Internet marketing to consumers. An experiential survey of U. S. -based online surfers, new to Internet based shopping, found the shoppers fascinated by international shopping opportunities on the Web, but they were skeptical about actual purchasing from overseas sites. Others report widespread distrust among consumers about Internet-based merchants. To improve customer loyalty, some websites offer discussion groups in their websites and promote common interest to pull targeted customers. When the website contains valuable information about the product then the customer would be motivated to visit the website again. Just like any other medium of business, internet business should also focus on making their customers feel ‘special’. In any business, customer loyalty is a result of exceptional personal services and exceeding customer expectations. 2. 2Internet Strive to Born Global Firms More and more firms’ even very small ones have operations that bridge national borders soon after their founding. Due to the Internet and related information technologies (IT) that enable many of them, this new breed of firms began emerging in the 1990s and is dubbed â€Å"born-global† because their operations often span the globe early in their existence. The definition of born global firm is â€Å"a business organization that, from inception, seeks to derive significant competitive advantage from the use of resources and the sale of outputs in multiple countries. Born global firms begin with a borderless world view, and immediately develop strategies to expand themselves abroad. This is striking, given the great changes that have taken place in the marketing environment due to introduction of the Internet and other modern technologies that enable bypassing of conventional channels (Frazier et al. , 1999). It therefore seems justifiable to study the Internet-based channel strategies of born globals (Moen et al. , 2002). It is particularly interesting to examine the global expansion of the born globals and their use of the Internet as a sales channel (Servais, Madsen, amp; Rasmussen, 2007). A few studies have investigated the role of information and communications technologies in the international performance of born global firms. Loane (2006) examined the role of the internet in the internationalization of small entrepreneurial firms from various countries (Loane, 2006). Born globals use the internet for communication, for marketing communications, and to lesser degree for managing customer relationships as well as sales transactions and fulfillment activities. Most of the investigated firms also se the internet to support off-line sales, and about one-quarter used the internet to support distribution channels and intermediaries. A significant number of firms used the internet to support relations with partners, suppliers, clients, agents and distributors, Ramp;D partners, and software coding developers, both nationally and internationally. The born globals also used the Internet as a tool for acquiring knowledge, such as market and competitive intelligence, which then become part of the collective wisdom of the firm. The internet makes borders between countries less relevant and facilitates direct interaction between all types of business entities around the world. Born globals use the internet to convey their market presence abroad, support relationships with foreign partners, offer services related to their products, facilitate product development, and maintain relations with foreign customers (Servais, Madsen, and Rasmussen et al. , 2007). Logitech, the computer peripherals company, is perhaps one of the best early examples of a successful born-global firm. According to Benjamin M. Oviatt and Patricia Phillips McDougall, â€Å"Global Start-Ups: Entrepreneurs on a Worldwide Stage. † Focusing first on the PC mouse, the company was founded by two Italians and a Swiss. The company’s operations and research and development were initially split between California and Switzerland, and then it expanded rapidly with production in Ireland and Taiwan. With its stylish and ergonomic products, Logitech captured 30 percent of the global computer mouse business by 1989, garnering the start-up a healthy $140 million in revenues. 2. 3 . Value and Productivity in the Internet Economy Nowadays, many business companies had started practiced in using internet to make interaction with consumer, business people, corporate, and trading partners. The product and service designs and the management play an important role in their profitability and their company sustainability. The company had created the website as haphazard compilations of company brochure ware or static personal web pages as well. These things had come out it with the images that users merely shared with friends and family. It has quickly evolved into a myriad of highly sophisticated online pplications and business processes. On the other hand, the forward thinking company had introduced to attain new heights in productivity and the forward thinking companies could created by leveraging the internet massive public technology infrastructure. To increase the co- production of goods and services, the innovation and awareness of using internet are important to create value through the technologies component. Other than that, the human capitals are also important in operation of the business and managing the design in the company. Therefore, the employers must to be selective in recruiting, and hiring people, whomever that he or she are able to give their efforts into the jobs or task. The value added service could be made by proposing the internet way user whereby the customer can interact directly to the company to improve and enhance their quality service and product through fulfil the customer needs and satisfaction. All of these elements are need depends on the capability of the human resource which in not only posses the technologies equipment. The company have to construct the internet economy’s structure by referred the economics performance in traditional, among other things, technology, the transportation infrastructure, availability of raw materials, and the quality of a skilled labor force. In contrast, the Internet economy comprises the four-layered model shown in Figure 1. The Internet’s infrastructure consists of two layers which are including the global high-speed IP-based networks and applications, and consulting, training, and integration services. Each Internet economy layer has a complementary relationship with every other layer. For example, with advances in layers 1 and 2, ? rms at layers 3 and 4 can provide media-rich content to consumers as well as offering new digital products and services Besides that, complementary relationship implies that the value of doing more of one factor increases by doing more of another. Internet applications and e-commerce are strong complementary relationship between the network infrastructures in the Internet economy. For example, as the Internet bandwidth increases dramatically with the spread of broadband technology, application vendors are rushing to develop powerful multimedia software that can take advantage of the increased bandwidth. These factors lead to increased economic activity on the Internet in the form of media-rich content. The Internet had open the nature stimulates innovation in the network and applications infrastructure, leading to the vastly accelerated development and deployment of new technologies in the Internet marketplace. Figure 2 shows an import/export view of the Internet and physical economies that groups businesses in ? ve categories: 1st : pure digital-products businesses that offer content, knowledge, or services directly over the Internet. 2nd Internet-based companies that deal with physical products, importing goods to be sold from the physical economy. 3rd Traditional businesses that sell some of their products or services directly over the Internet. 4th content developers, Internet service providers, Web and applications hosting services. 5th companies that do not sell directly over the Internet. Unlike the physical economy, which relies heavily on physical resources, the Internet economy thrives on information and knowledge to create value, productivity, and efficiency. Firms that rely on these intangible assets are more likely to succeed in this new world than those that continue to focus on physical processes. The Web’s information and knowledge intensity is a crucial factor in driving performance metrics like online revenue and gross margin, and every partner in a value Web must adopt the Internet in its daily operations to maximize the bene? s of electronic business. T here were few examples for these phenomena that might be able to be the related with it. One of the example is car assembly lines, which had ? rst appeared in the dictionary in 1930 (Hirschhorn, 1984: 9), were argued to be the keystone to prevailing 20th century concepts of human management (Emery, 1976). It is thus hardly surprising that industrial value production was conceptualized in terms of the value chain. The taxation system developed at that time re? cts this. In industrial value creation, customers were seen as destroying the value which producers had created for them. On the other hand, the accounting systems emerging at that time thus wrote down the value of what was acquired to zero over a shorter or longer depreciation period. The end user in this scheme equals the ? nal customer. For producers, industrial value was realized in the transaction, which joined and separated them from customers. Value here equalled the price which the customer paid: in competitive terms, value is the amount buyers are willing to pay for what a ? rm provides them (Porter, 1985: 38); or, value is what customers are willing to pay (Porter, 1985: 3). 2. 4 The Impact Of Design Management And Process Management On Quality: An Empirical Investigation. Design management and process management are two important elements of total quality management TQM implementation. They are drastically different in their targets of improvement, visibility, and techniques. In this paper will review the establishment of framework for identifying the synergistic linkages of design and process management to the operational quality outcomes during the manufacturing process internal quality and upon the field usage of the products external quality. Through a study of quality practices in manufacturing plants from multiple industries, the both design and process management efforts have an equal positive impact on internal quality outcomes such as scrap, rework, defects, performance, and external quality outcomes such as complaints, warranty, litigation, market share. A detailed contingency analysis shows that the proposed model of synergies between design and process management holds true for large and small firms, for firms with different levels of TQM experience, and in different industries with varying levels of competition, logistical complexity of production, or production process characteristics. Finally, the results also suggest that organizational learning enables mature TQM firms to implement both design and process efforts more rigorously and their synergy helps these firms to attain better quality outcomes. These findings indicate that, to attain superior quality outcomes, firms need to balance their design and process management efforts and persevere with long-term implementation of these efforts. The manufacturing strategy literature has viewed product quality as one of the major competitive priorities for attaining a sustainable competitive advantage Hill, 1994. Recently, the speed of new product introduction has also been added to this list of priorities Kim, 1996 . From a quality management perspective, the speed of new product design and development indicates the importance of designing quality into new products. Because design efforts often have a limiting impact on attainable product quality, several researchers have stressed the importance of designing quality into products Juran, 1981; Juran and Gryna, 1993; Hauser and Clausing, 1988; Dean and Susman, 1989; Taguchi and Clausing, 1990; Boothroyd et al. , 1994; Mizuno and Akao,1994 . External and internal quality outcomes the notion that overall market and business performance can be realized through long-term product quality improvement is a cornerstone of the contemporary quality revolution George and Weimerskirch, 1994; NIST, 1998. Customers form their impressions about a firms products based upon their current and past experience with these products Garvin,1987. A satisfactory field performance of the products is accompanied by lower customer dissatisfaction, greater customer loyalty, and improved market share Crosby, 1979; Buzzell and Gale, 1987; Hardie,1998 . We label this aspect of quality outcome as external quality because it is related to the customer’s perspective of the products upon field usage. It captures Juran’s fitness for use dimension of product quality Juran, 1981; Juran and Gryna, 1993 . Specifically, we focus our attention on four long-term indicators of external quality: warranty work, litigation claims, customer complaints, and market share. The quality of products passing internal tests of reliability should affect the experience of customers who use the products in two prominent ways. First, customers perceive product quality in terms of their net value defined as the ratio of performance to cost: Artzt, 1992. Thus, for products with the same performance levels, lower price will drive customer choice and satisfaction. Second, customers willing to spend a certain amount of money will choose the products that offer maximum performance for that money. 2. 5Internet as tool to enhance global strategy It’s can’t be deny that the internet plays a major role in every aspect of our modern life. Moreover, Internet technologies play a major role in business. The internet has contributed to the success and growth of businesses. This journal article is emphasizing on Internet are used to enhance global strategy. Internet is a driver of globalization. Observing the more successful applications, commentators and researchers have suggested a number of industry characteristics which promote Internet use (Andal-Ancion et al. ,2003): digitizability of the end product (e. g. , most information-based products such as directories and encyclopedias), time sensitivity of the end product (e. g. , airline travel), high search costs (e. g. , books), potential for customization (e. g. , clothing retailers), insufficient matching of buyers and sellers (e. g. , business- to-business exchanges and consumer-to-consumer auction sites), and a tradeoff between richness and reach (e. . , retail brokerage, Evans and Wurster, 1999). First at all, the internet makes communication fast and cost efficient. Businesses use internet technologies such as Skype internet and video calls, email and video conferencing to make communication virtually instant. Next, the internet plays a big role in the growth of businesses. It gives businesses an opportunity to reach a wider global audience. Promoting through the internet is also a way to increase sales and reach the desired growth level. Business can also expand by having an online division. The effect of this decentralization of transactions and information transfer raises major questions about the role of bodies which would have traditionally had functions of control, such as governments and regulatory institutions. In terms of transferring, accessing information, companies are now much less dependent on local infrastructures. In the aspect of marketing, Internet was playing important role in advertising. Most businesses are taking advantage of the internet to market their products and services to a global audience. The most notable internet technologies here include search engines such as Google. Social networking websites play a role in business networking by connecting like-minded professionals. Through the internet, people have found business partners and great employees. Moreover, the internet has helped cut costs by outsourcing services to countries where it is cheaper to provide these services. Apart from that, outsourcing enables businesses to concentrate on their core services and become more efficient. One role of internet in business is the birth of ecommerce websites and online payment solutions that allow people to shop online from the comfort of their own homes. Furthermore, the internet has opened up new business opportunities and giving rise to a group of successful online business owners. This is a powerful role as anyone can now start an online business. Cost and speed advantages are also substantial. The Internet is a much less expensive way to send information, and this information can be received in real time anywhere in the world. For global businesses this has massive implications for the possible scale and scope of operations and redefines the traditional trade-off between richness and reach, allowing both to be achieved for relatively little cost. Internet also brings effects on global products and services. Global products and services are seldom totally standardized worldwide, but they are designed with global markets in mind, and they have as large a common core as possible. Some industries and categories, such as personal computers and air travel, allow the potential for a very large common core, while others, such as furniture and legal services, allow for less commonality. Deciding on the extent of global standardization poses a major dilemma for MNCs. Use of the Internet and websites eases this dilemma by making it easier to offer an array of global, regional, or local products, and local customization options for standard core products. While the same can be done through traditional media (brochures or sales calls), but the Web provides more options and the interactivity of the Internet provides for customization by the customer. This can seen from Dell Computer’s ordering system. As the lesson 4 in this article has mentioned the use of the Internet enables both globally standardized and locally customized products and services. Companies can now use the Internet to lessen the globalization tradeoffs they have had to make in regard to products and services. Now, let have a seen on co-production, which means delivering public services in an equal and reciprocal relationship between professionals, people using services, their families and their neighbours. Where activities are co-produced in this way, both services and neighbourhoods become far more effective agents of change (David B amp; Michael H. ) the co-production has a significantly role in the process design and management. As the Internet has designed to interrelated the product and service jointly to the customer. For instance, Dell Computer has promoted Dell Online Self Dispatch to the customer as it is a comprehensive part dispatch program designed to support efficient hardware resolution. Dell also declared the Dell Online Self Dispatch (DOSD) as one global portal for efficient hardware resolution. The customers can access the Website through Internet to had the hardware support from Dell by self-service. 3. 0 Conclusion In summary, product/service design and process design are interrelated. Small changes in the design of products and services can be profound implications for the way the operation eventually has to produce them. The process design and management is right at the heart of operations management. The design is an activity of approaching at different levels of detail and it must be reflecting the needs of customers, and able applies to products, services and processes. The design is starts with something very abstract which represents a concept and ends with something very specific, which means by the final design. The company must follow the processes designs according to its volume and variety characteristics. Eventually the details of the process must be analyzed to ensure that it fulfills its objectives effectively. The proposed model of synergies between design and process management holds true for large and small firms, for firms with different levels of TQM experience, and in different industries with varying levels of competition, logistical complexity of production, or production process characteristics. Finally, the results also suggest that organizational learning enables mature TQM firms to implement both design and process efforts more rigorously and the synergies between design and process management help these firms to attain better quality outcomes. Q5. Raising senior management awareness of operations as a significant competitive weapon (Job Design and Performance Management). 1. 0 Introduction Many senior executives entered the organization through finance, trategy, or marketing and built their reputations on work in these areas, and as a result often take operations for granted. The executives have creatively used operations management for competitive advantage. Raising senior management awareness of operation as a significant competitive weapon refers to the job design of the senior management and the performance of the management. Theoretically, workers  are  motivated  by  jobs  in  which  they  feel  they  can  make a  difference  in their perf ormance and the way the  tasks  give are  combined  to  for complete  jobs. Clear  job  descriptions  will motivate  workforce  and  be successful  in completion  of  tasks. It also important to have both of the employer and employee needed to share understanding of the work to be done with it and comfort with working environment. The employee and employer also need to face the challenges associated with employing a large of people in a wide variety of people in a wide of capacities. Most of the employee is assigned to do a job because they are perceived to be able to fill its requirements. Many  tasks  depending on ability time allotment and other constraints. The role of HR in the present scenario has undergone a sea change and its focus is on evolving such functional strategies which enable successful implementation of the major corporate strategies. In a way, HR and corporate strategies function in alignment. Today, HR works towards facilitating and improving the performance of the employees by building a conducive work environment and providing maximum opportunities to the employees for participating in organizational planning and decision making process. Today, all the major activities of HR are driven towards development of high performance leaders and fostering employee motivation. So, it can be interpreted that the role of HR has evolved from merely an appraiser to a facilitator and an enabler. Performance management is the current buzzword and is the need in the current times of cut throat competition and the organizational battle for leadership. Performance management is a much broader and a complicated function of HR, as it encompasses activities such as joint goal setting, continuous progress review and frequent communication, feedback and coaching for improved performance, implementation of employee development programmes nd rewarding achievements. The process of performance management starts with the joining of a new incumbent in a system and ends when an employee quits the organization. Performance management can be regarded as a systematic process by which the overall performance of an organization can be improved by improving the performance of individuals within a team framework. It is a means for promoting superior performance by communicating expec tations, defining roles within a required competence framework and establishing achievable benchmarks. A  performance management process  sets the platform for rewarding excellence by aligning individual employee accomplishments with the organization’s mission and objectives and making the employee and the organization understand the importance of a specific job in realizing outcomes. By establishing clear performance expectations which includes results, actions and behaviours, it helps the employees in understanding what exactly is expected out of their jobs and setting of standards help in eliminating those jobs which are of no use any longer. Through regular feedback and coaching, it provides an advantage of diagnosing the problems at an early stage and taking corrective actions. To conclude, performance management can be regarded as a proactive system of managing employee performance for driving the individuals and the organizations towards desired performance and results. It’s about striking a harmonious alignment between individual and organizational objectives for accomplishment of excellence in performance. 2. 0 Discussion 2. 1 JOURNAL: THE EFFECT OF MANAGEMENT COMMITMENT TO SERVICE ON EMPLOYEE SERVICE BEHAVIORS: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF JOB SATISFACTION Refer on the journal; the proposed model in the Thai hotel work setting indicates that management service initiatives, particularly training, rewards, and empowerment deliver a strong message to employees that the management is devoted to quality service, ultimately creating the positive affect (i. e. , employee satisfaction). Furthermore, the result showed that when employees are satisfied with their job, this positive feeling about their job motivates them to go the extra mile for customers and help co-workers and supervisors in need. Currently, not all hotel operators in Thailand favour the four management service initiatives because those options can be costly. However, it seems to be clear that management should consider allocating more resources to implement such initiatives. Among the four management service initiatives, rewards displayed the largest effect on Thai hotel workers’ job satisfaction, with the largest path coefficient. In general, two kinds of rewards are available: financial and nonfinancial rewards. Rewards also range from a simple thank-you note for an exceptional service to a large reward such as wage increase and promotion. Rewards given to employees, regardless of the type, must be meaningful to the employees and the organization. In other words, rewards should be based on employees’ job performance and reflect the organization’s goal and service standard. Most rewards in the Asian culture, including Thailand, are in monetary form. However, because of the growing influence of the Western style of management, rewards in the form of recognition, such as being selected as employees of the month (or the year) with a certificate, are getting popular in Thailand. This kind of recognition can increase employees’ morale and make workers feel that they are appreciated and valued as a member of the organization, leading to job satisfaction and organizational loyalty. Panmunin (1993) reports that Thai hotel employees suffer from low self-esteem because the Thai caste system disparages servants as low caste individuals. The result of the present study seems to emphasize the importance of appropriate rewards for Thai frontline hotel workers, who may be often neglected and unappreciated in the caste system (high-power-distance culture), to improve their work morale. Next, this study demonstrates that training cannot be overlooked to satisfy hotel workers. Through training, Thai employees master the basic skills necessary to perform the daily duties of the position and develop job competence. In addition to the basic skills, more Thai hotels are offering training such as dealing with guests’ complaints. It is a new type of training that originates from the Western hotel companies. Typically, when Thai employees encounter disgruntled or difficult guests, they have supervisors or mangers handle the situation. This new training program broadens frontline employees’ responsibilities and teaches proper techniques to resolve conflicts and deal with problems immediately to build customer satisfaction. The result of this study seems to suggest that Thai hotel personnel are satisfied with this new, additional training. Third, this study implies that empowered Thai employees are satisfied and exert more positive service behaviours. This result contradicts the proposed hypothesis. Despite the vertical culture, more and more hotel organizations in Thailand are embracing the concept of empowerment by allowing frontline personnel to make more decisions to take care of in-house guests. Although empowerment is a relatively new concept for hotels in Thailand, the result indicates that line employees are quickly adopting such a work practice and are happy about it. In general, frontline employees are much younger than managers in Thai hotels. The young generation has been more exposed to the global influence of U. S. culture. Thus, young Thai hotel employees may regard a Western management practice such as empowerment highly. We also speculate that the positive empowerment outcome is attributed to the new additional training and the Western style of rewards. Research has shown that empowerment often involves training and rewards to be more effective. Another possible explanation regarding the positive effect of empowerment is the growing size of tourism. Thailand is one of the popular travel destinations in the world, and hotels are receiving large numbers of international customers. In Western countries, it is common to see frontline employees empowered to meet the guests’ needs immediately. Travelers, particularly from the United States and Europe may be accustomed to such a level of customer focus and expect Thai hotels to offer a comparable level of service. The management in Thailand is becoming aware of the phenomenon and therefore expending more effort to make use of empowerment to please international hotel guests. Finally, there is no significant effect of organizational support on hotel employees’ job satisfaction. In this study, organizational support focuses on help offered to frontline workers when necessary, appropriate job design, and support for frontline employees’ goals and values. This insignificant result may be partly associated with the high power distance between supervisors and subordinates. In the Thai hotel organization, managers are more likely to be valued and respected than frontline personnel, and Thai managers with authoritative leaderships are least likely to place a high priority on the well-being of frontline employees and assisting in their job. Although the organizational culture is changing slowly, and large Thai hotel companies are adopting Western management styles, it takes a long time for employee perceptions to change. Thai frontline personnel are more likely to recognize strong organizational support (i. e. , they feel they receive enough help at work, their job is designed to be rewarding, and their goals and values are as important as managers’ goals and values) in the future. In the conclusion of organizational behaviour, service quality initiatives such as rewards, empowerment, training, and organizational support have been a revolving theme tied with employee satisfaction and performance. This study presents how these initiatives work in a culturally different setting such as Thailand. The results of this study indicate that the service quality initiatives, which mostly originate from the U. S. or Western (horizontal) culture, are worthy of trial in Asian hotels (with a vertical culture) because such initiatives may help improve frontline employees’ morale and self-esteem and ultimately increase the overall effectiveness of the hotel operation. In summary, hoteliers should continue to increase decentralization of authority, develop attractive compensation, and improve frontline workers’ knowledge and skills through ongoing training. Then, all these efforts are likely to pay off by yielding happier, committed staff members who care about guests and other co-workers. 2. 2 ARTICLE JOURNAL: SHAKING UP INTELS INSIDES Performance-based, standardized job descriptions provide employees with clear and attainable job duties and responsibilities as well as the resources needed to accomplish them (Mahdieh,2013). We work with employees to explain the tools and their importance to achievement of the organization’s mission and goals a critical factor in retaining valuable staff and preventing costly burnout. Employees are an organization’s most valuable resources. Companies spend considerable amounts of money and time developing and supporting their human resources. A critical component of this development and support is employee performance management. An employee’s performance is a measure of the ways in which their work-related behavior contributes to achievement of the organization’s business objectives. In this article, they have problem in new employee, employees are now on stage when theyre meeting with customers and off stage when theyre in a back office handling paperwork. And he implemented an exhaustive playbook that has scripts for everything down to the language with which tellers are supposed to greet customers. Still, at one Boston branch McGee visited, Paul J. Hillson, a consumer marketing manager, concedes that he encountered initial resistance from some FleetBoston tellers: What you hear is, But I already know that customer. McGee agrees that changing employee behavior is still a work in progress. . Managing this performance is the key to producing high achieving and reliable human resources. Performance management is a process by which managers and employees work together to plan, monitor and review an employee’s work objectives and overall contribution to the organization(Memoona,2013). More than just an annual performance review, performance management is the continuous process of setting objectives, assessing progress and providing on-going coaching and feedback to ensure that employees are meeting their objectives and career goals. In this case we can see analysts said, has been the efforts of McGee and his team to overhaul Fleets branches, from products to training to culture. To lure new customers, BofA dangled free checking and free online bill-paying, a service for which many New England banks still charged. And while the old FleetBoston simply gave customers the 800 number for an outside mortgage lender, BofA has outfitted roughly two-thirds of Fleet branches with special software that approves or rejects a customers application for a mortgage or home-equity loans within 30 minutes. As a conclusion, this is in line with results in the emotions and justice literature that negative appraisals are influential drivers of employee behaviours and attitudes (Brown et al. ,2011). Performance appraisals are a basis component of human resource management, the outcomes of appraisals are used as the foundation of many human recourse decisions. While organizations devote considerable resources and time into performance appraisal this collected study has demonstrated that the quality of the employee performance appraisal experience are different. There are employees with low quality performance appraisal experiences while at the other end of the scale, there are some employees who state high quality experiences of the performance appraisal process. Moreover, this research demonstrates that organizations pay a price for letting low quality performance appraisal experiences, when employees have low quality performance appraisal experiences the organization will likely to bring a penalty in forms of lower job satisfaction and higher intentions to quit. 2. 3 ARTICLE: BOFAS HAPPY SURPRISE In this world of competition as organizations effort to remain competitive and sustainable, human resources professionals and strategic planners should collaborate strongly in designing strategies which are more productive and useful (Dazel. 2103). Among these functions, one of the most critical ones that bring global success is performance appraisal . It is more considerable than other processes because its results show the success of the awareness of the other areas in the field of Human Resources and other personnel activities. In the other perspective, assumptions of corporate management show that performance appraisal makes people to be really engaged in the business of the organization. In this situation, the article shows hes making it clear to employees that, under his leadership, Intel truly are entering a new era. Otellini, who officially takes the helm on May 18, will be the first chief executive without an engineering degree at a company where gear heads have reigned supreme. He believes that to keep Intel growing, every idea and technical solution should be focused on meeting customers needs from the outset. So rather than relying on its engineering prowess, Intels reorganization will bring together engineers, software writers, and marketers into five market-focused units: corporate computing, the digital home, mobile computing, health care, and channel products PCs for small manufacturers. The development of an organisational culture indicator followed a review of the organisational culture literature, in which particular attention was given to the instruments that have been most commonly used in its measurement (Michael, 2013). In this article, we can see that the new regime will cause a jolt to the culture. For decades, employees have been compensated for their own work. Now teams will be judged as a whole. Engineers, long the top dogs, may resist working with others. Its like saying to a baseball player, Gee, were deciding to play pro football, says Edward E. Lawler, a professor at USCs Marshall School of Business. All of a sudden, the rules of the game are very different. Otellini has begun to put the pieces in place. Now hell need the teamwork of his people to pull it off. As conclusion, this article established that there was no existing tool which adequately met our requirements for a comprehensive, up-to-date measure, easily completed by all levels of the workforce. Through the review process we were able to identify the cultural dimensions most frequently assessed in organisations and deemed important in this extensively researched field. A parallel search of literature on current manufacturing practice highlighted other areas less traditionally examined in culture research, but which we thought relevant in capturing critical aspects of organisational culture in the manufacturing sector. Performance  management  is a significant tool in business  management  today. Management activity of this type makes it easier to evaluate the productivity of individual employees as well as entire departments. As a result, the company will function more efficiently, may keep overhead low, and has a better chance of succeeding. There are many benefits of  performance management  that have a direct bearing on the day-to-day operation, which in turn makes the overall picture for the company much brighter. Inside the company of The New York Times, there have a lot of job design and performance management that occur and be built by the employer to their employees. Many advantages can we get by doing the implementation of job design and performance management. Through the implementation of performance management, the employer can get the result for what actually their employees doing in managing their work. The use of specific metrics in a performance management program allows employer to make decisions regarding performance breakdowns. Initially, it allows employer to pinpoint problems and take the proper corrective actions to immediately rectify them. For example, as our research in year 2003, according to the journal of The New York Times, Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Jr. , the current proprietor, faced what seemed to be a publishers ultimate test after a loosely supervised young reporter named Jayson Blair was found to have fabricated dozens of stories. The crisis was emerged between the employer and its employees after the employer getting know about their employee’s attitude. The employer can strictly blot for whom employees that making a wrong attitude and breaking the rules of their job ethics. The effects of these crisis has causes the company’s performance lagging. The companies had difficult moments eventual through allegations received due to errors employees. However, it can be improved by making implementation of performance management. Performance management allows employer to make decision and focus their feedback on issues or crisis directly related to the achievement of the individual employee’s goals and objectives. Any other issues or crisis distracting the employee that don’t contribute to the unit or department’s performance can be quickly and effectively handled and eliminated. One of the examples of performance management that can be found in the journal of The New York Times is where Keller has made so many high-level personnel changes whereby two-thirds of all newsroom workers now report to a new boss. Other than that, Keller has also put into practice a string of reforms suggested by several internal committees formed in the wake of the Blair affair. Meaning to say, these include the appointment of a standards editor and a public editor, or ombudsman. After making this system, the company performances was increase and improved and at the same time the whole of operation managements can be run smoothly. According to journal, The Times posted its gains despite boosting the price of a subscription by more than 20% on average. As a conclusion, a good performance management system works towards the improvement of the overall organizational performance by managing the performance of teams and individuals. That is for ensuring the achievement of the overall organizational ambitions and goals. The Times can built more an effective performance management system that can play a very crucial role in managing the performance in an organization such as ensuring the employees understand the importance of their contribution to the organizational goals and objectives. Other than that, by ensuring each employee understands what is expected from them and equally as pertaining whether the employee possess the required skills and support for fulfilling such expectations. Ensuring proper aligning or linking of objectives and facilitating effective communication throughout the organization and facilitating a cordial and a harmonious relationship between an individual employee and also the line employer based on trust and empowerment. 2. 4 The Effects of Job Rotation Practices on Motivation: A Research on Managers in the Automotive Organizations This article is about the use of data envelopment analysis (DEA) to calculate and analyze the level of technical, allocate and cost efficiencies of Australian hospital food service operations. As we know, every provision of food to the patients is the responsibility of each individual hospital. To prepare the food their must cooked and plated and serve it in hot condition, that can we call as a â€Å"cook-serve system†. Therefore this system required substantial labor input and always created tension arising because of the necessity of working tight schedules and need to achieve high quality standards. In 1970, the new system of foodservice was introduced which is the introduction of the hybrid and cook-chill system. These new system require large initial capital investment. There has been an essential expansion in the use of cook-chill systems throughout the different states because of the technology changes. However, the last health service report published that inefficiency is still a problem with most hospital foodservice operation because of the underutilization of production capacity. Actually, this is the on how performance management taking place to overcome this problem. There are a lot of the significant of making implementation of performance management. The primary reason to make sure performance management processes are functioning properly is to tighten the link between strategic organizational objectives and day-to-day actions. Effective goal setting (including timelines), combined with a method to track progress and identify obstacles, contributes to success and bottom line result. Frequently tracking progress against performance goals and objectives also provides the opportunity to recognize and reward employees for performance and exceptional effort, contributing to job satisfaction and productivity. Employees want to feel successful, to do well at their job and feel there are making a valuable contribution. In order to ensure this happens, employees need a clear understanding of individual goals and how they fit into the larger organization. New technology-based solutions offered can provide goal visibility across entire organizations, offer extensive reporting option and can reduce paperwork by as much as 90%. Clear visibility, regular individual analysis and company-wide employee appraisals help identify corporate competencies and skill gaps. With this valuable data, organizational can identify training and development plans. Performance management best practices result in a wide range of the advantages for employees, employer and whole organizational. In a nutshell, the performance management inside every organizational is one of the essential tool to gain a goal and objectives of organizations. Therefore, the organization like hospital can considered more about their performance management to overcome their problem. At the same times gain successful services to their patient. 2. ARTICLE JOURNAL: THE FUTURE OF THE NEW YORK TIMES BUSINESSWEEK Human Resource is the most important resource compared with other resources like machine, material, land, etc. In the organizational context, the effectiveness of human resource depends on designing the job according to human capability and characteristics. Job design is the most important function of Human Resource Management. It indicates that, designing of contents, methods, func tions of a job. The performance of an employee is that, how well an employee performs his or her task duties and responsibilities. Employees’ performance is also crucial. Because the achievement of goals and objectives of the organization is assessed by performance of its resources, employees’ performance should be assessed and maintained periodically. At work, in a human-focussed approach, the human oriented process designs have shown its importance as much as the technical issues, from a productivity aspect. Several human-focussed applications such as increasing motivation at work, improving workers’ physical working conditions, obtaining job security, and increasing job satisfaction, increasing quality nd productivity, decreasing costs to become competitive are increasing it’s importance by the day. Within the natural development process of work, maybe human-centred problems exceed technical problems and even the cost of investment in personal has gone beyond the point of technical investment. Job analysis, training, performance measurement, re-organisation projects, re-engineering studies and especially applications related to job design which support this approach have an important place among human resources applications. Job design related applications began to take shape with a scientific management approach in the 1900s. Models related to job design able to be classified as job rotation, job enlargement, job enrichment, job engineering, quality of work life, social information processing approach and job characteristics approach, have extremely important effects on increasing the productivity of human resources. It is predicted that job satisfaction and productivity will be highest when both job enlargement and job enrichment are jointly applied to redesigning work systems From a conceptual perspective, job design is defined as determining the specific job content, the methods used at work and the relationships between jobs to correspond the firm’s technological and organisational, and the employees’ social and personal expectations. In accordance with this definition, it is stated that a well-designed and defined job increase employees job satisfaction, increases motivation, decreases workplace-related stress, encourage learning efforts and is therefore have a positive effect on employees’ performance. There are many studies published in related literature investigating the relationship between job design and employees’ motivation. The common points of these studies is that the application of job design has a positive effect on the specifics of job performance, like motivation, flexibility, job satisfaction, self-control, and skill development. The relevant studies are shown in Table below.