Frankenstein Blade Runner

Frankenstein Blade Runner Essay Analyse how ‘Frankenstein’ and ‘Blade Runner’ Imaginatively portray individuals who challenge the established values of the time. In your response, refer to both excerpts below. i) ‘Slave, I before reasoned with you, but you have proved yourself unworthy of my condescension. Remember that I have powers, you believe yourself miserable, but I can make you so wretched that the light of day will be hateful to you. You are my creator, but I am your master;-obey! ’ ii) the still of Roy holding Tyrell’s faceThrough the relationship between the characters of Victor and his creature, Shelley challenges nineteenth century values about the role of science, the benefits of ambition and fame and the dominance of nature by man. Similarly Scott develops the characters of Roy and Tyrell to challenge the same assumptions about science and nature but he does so in a context of technological development that allows multinatio nal corporations to exploit on a massive scale. Both texts also explore the larger issue of human values, asking what potential lies in a human and whether we can readily define human nature.In Shelley’s novel, Victor’s portrayal challenges the assumptions of the previous eighteenth century that the progress of science is the most important human pursuit. He is the ‘The modern Prometheus† a Greek mythological human who stole fire from the gods and brought it back to earth. This story like Shelley’s questions the benefits and consequences of ambition. In Shelley’s Romantic context science is seen as a threat towards nature and Shelley conveys this threat through the hubris of Victor.Shelley explores Victor’s blind ambition to â€Å"penetrate into the recesses of nature and show how she works in her hiding-places†. Victor’s character is seen as self-absorbed and his ambition is fueled by selfish reasons â€Å"A new species would bless me as its creator and source†¦would owe their being to me†. Victor’s character is obsessed to the point of moral blindness but when the creature is not perfect it quickly turns to hatred. Shelley’s imagery suggests decay rather than new life. â€Å"I saw the dull yellow eye of the creature open†¦ How can I describe my emotions at this catastrophe†.This characterisation of Victor and his lack of morals and blind ambition are all warnings against science and its unbounded progression. Similarly Roy’s confrontation with Tyrell, his creator, explores the powerful consequences of playing god with genetics, a new frontier of scientific experimentation. Scott challenges the established values, which worship science and the profits it can bring. Scott portrays Tyrell’s character as god-like, through the use of cinematic techniques, costume design and lighting. He is filmed from high angled shots empowering him in almost every sc ene.Scott uses a series of shots of Tyrell corporation over shadowing Los Angeles to build the image of Tyrell’s power and how much it dominates all. This corporation fueled by ambition is linked to the issues relevant to Scott’s context, the drive of the capitalist world and what the consequences may be if this ambition is not met with moral guidance. Scott uses costume design, with the thick lensed glasses as a metaphor for Tyrell’s moral blindness. The motif of eyes, used throughout the film, represent the window to the soul and Scott is saying that Tyrell’s window is damaged.Tyrell and Roy meet in Tyrell’s palace- like room, Tyrell is dressed in a huge kingly robe with candles bathing the room in a golden light, contrasting with the fake incandescent light that dominates the movie. Like Frankenstein’s creature, Roy has been made physically and morally superior to Tyrell his creator. In this scene the audience sees the creation come back to end the creator and the idea that science has progressed so far that is supersedes its creators is seen. This asks questions about the direction science should head in.Through the development of Victor and the creature’s relationship, questions are raised about the responsibilities of the creator and what values make us human. Victor makes a creature that he abandons to the harsh world where he is not understood. This shapes the way the creature is developed and supports the ‘blank slate’ idea of Shelley’s context. Shelley challenges the values that assume we are born with a certain fate and those who are bad deserve bad lives. She puts forward the Enlightenment idea that humans are ll born with the potential to be good. Shelly shows this through the relationship between Victor and the creature, who both need love and compassion; aspects of human nature that are given through nurture. The creature had been capable of impulsive acts of kindness as he res cues a child from the river and does acts of kindness for the De Laceys. Shelley uses this to represent the potential for good in human nature and that people are not predetermined but can be turned to evil if neglected: â€Å"I was benevolent and good; misery made me a fiend†.These are the results of Victor’s blind ambition, self pity and disregard for his responsibilities, all unfavorable aspects of human nature. With neglect, the creature is doomed to only find pleasure in the acts of hate towards Victor, but even these acts are not satisfying as he is morally just, causing the creature to be constantly unhappy. Similarly, Roy’s development from a child-like selfishness to maturity, capable of love and compassion, challenges the belief that science can control its creations and that they are only valuable for profit.Tyrell’s corporation represents the greed and ambition that drives the world of Scott’s context, it represents the negative consequ ence of a world bent on profit at the expense of moral justness. The commercialization of science is seen as profitable, but as Scott shows, commercialization of science doesn’t take into account the act of giving ‘life’ and the responsibility due to the creation, it only works on profits and losses and as a result, the replicants are seen as a quantity. When science is commercialized, greed and ambition blind the morals that science needs.Scott shows this through the act of Roy, like Shelley’s creature, killing his creator, in revenge for neglect. The replicants’ ability to absorb experience and change, challenges the values that assume humans are the supreme measure of everything. Scott draws upon modern psychology to portray the replicants’ development as a means of discussing human nature, Ironically the genius replicant Roy proves Tyrell’s slogan â€Å"More human than human† when he gradually develops into a better human be ing than the humans themselves. Roy is firstly portrayed as a child as he compliments J. F’s toys and plays a sort of hunting game with Deckard.Like the creature Roy is new to life and â€Å"emotionally inexperienced†, but through his development of memories and experiences, he becomes â€Å"human†, learning empathy and love. This development in the replicants’ emotions is a strong parallel to the creature with the effects of neglect and the ability to be morally educated. The four-year life span is a guard against emotional development triggered by experience. Memories given to the replicants are â€Å"creations† that allow for control: â€Å"If we gift them the past we create a cushion or pillow for their emotions and consequently we can control them better. Roy’s development of love and compassion is expressed with Pris, this is shown through his howling and stuttering over her name after she has been killed. Roy also develops empathy wh ich is seen in saving Deckard. Scott uses Roy’s monologue to fully express to the audience how Roy has become â€Å"human†. He does this through dialogue â€Å"all these moments will be lost in time, like tears in rain† expressing loss and a desire to preserve memory. Through the metaphor of the dove ascending into the heavens, his spirit is released through the only living creature seen in the movie.Both the novel Frankenstein, and the film Blade Runner imaginatively portray individuals who challenge the established values of the time; both discuss the role of science, the benefits of ambition and fame and the importance of nurture. The characterization and the development of relationships between creator and creature holds the key in both texts to not only challenging the contemporary values of the 19th and 20th century, but also issues and question about life and humans that have been dwelled upon over many centuries.

Impaired Asset

IMPAIRMENT OF ASSETS The following information relates to Q1 & Q2.Information about three assets are given below in the table:Aldo Balbo Casco Value in Use $150,000 $195,000 $105,000Carrying Amount $90,000 $140,000 $112,000Net Realizable Value $115,000 $136,000 $85,000 Q1. What are the recoverable amounts of each asset? (MCQ)Aldo ($115,000), Balbo ($136,000), Casco ($105,000)Aldo ($150,000), Balbo ($136,000), Casco ($105,000)Aldo ($150,000), Balbo ($195,000), Casco ($105,000)Aldo ($115,000), Balbo ($195,000), Casco ($85,000)(2 marks) Q2. What are the impairment losses on each asset? (MCQ)Aldo ($0), Balbo ($0), Casco ($0)Aldo ($0), Balbo ($55,000), Casco ($20,000)Aldo ($25,000), Balbo ($4,000), Casco ($7,000)Aldo ($0), Balbo ($0), Casco ($7,000)(2 marks) Q3. A cash-generating unit has the following assets:Building $600,000Plant & Machinery $100,000Goodwill $80,000Inventory $50,000Total $830,000One of the machines valued at $60,000 has been damaged & will be scrapped. The total recoverable amount estimated from the cash-generating unit is $470,000. What is the recoverable amount of the current assets after the impairment loss? (MCQ)$21,800$28,000$33,500$50,000 (2 marks) Q4. Which of the following correctly defines the recoverable amount of an asset? (MCQ)Current market value of the asset less cost of disposalHigher of fair value less cost of disposal & value in useHigher of carrying amount & fair valueLower of fair value less cost of disposal & value in use (2 marks) Q5. An asset has a carrying amount of $55,000 at the year-end 31st March 2002. Its market value is $47,000 having a disposal cost of $3,500. A new asset will cost $85,000. The company expects that the asset will generate $19,000/per annum of cash flows for the next three years. The cost of capital is 8%. What is the impairment loss to be recognized for the year end 31st March 2002? (FIB)3613151270000$ (2 marks) Q6. Which of the following are internal indications of impairment? (MRQ) A fall in the market value of a machine due to inflationThe management realized that an asset is unable to produce up to its full capacityA report prepared by the warehouse manager than one of the lifter cars has crashed into a wallThe development of intention of management to sell the asset during the next 3 months (2 marks) Q7. Moby had purchased an asset on 1st September 2009 at a cost of $500,000 with the useful life of ten years with no cash inflow at the time of disposal. The asset has been depreciated until 31st October 2014. At that date, an accident occurred which resulted in the damage of the asset & an impairment test was taken by Moby. On 31st October 2014, the fair value of the asset was $160,000 with $10,000 cost of disposal. The expected future cash flows were $13,000/annum for the next five years. The cost of capital is at 10% with five-year annuity factor of 3.79. Calculate the impairment on 31st October 2014? (MCQ)$0$100,000$150,970$200,730 (2 marks) Q8. A cash-generating unit has the following assets:Property & Plant $400,000Machinery $90,000Goodwill $75,000License $5,000Net Assets (realizable value) $30,000Total $600,000The company had breached a government legislation which results in its cash-generating unit value to fall by $200,000. What will be the value of Property & Plant after the impairment? (MCQ)$101,010$126,316$266,667$298,990 (2 marks) Q9. Which of the following is not an indicator of impairment? (MCQ)The NRV of inventory has reduced due to damages but carrying amount is still lowered it's than NRV Technological advancement has boomed in a country resulting old machinery becoming obsoleteCost of capital of a company has increased due to increase in market ratesThe carrying amount of an asset is higher of the recoverable amount of an asset (2 marks) Q10. A company purchased an asset on 1st January 2000 costing $2.1 million and its life was 10 years. On 31st December 2001, the fair value of the assets was $1.9 million. On 31st December 2002, the recoverable amount of the asset was $0.7 million. Calculate the impairment loss to be recorded in Profit ; Loss account on 31st December 2002? (FIB)3613151270000$ (2 marks) Q11. A cash-generating unit has the following assets:Building $409,050Plant ; Machinery $311,000Goodwill $30,500Inventory $156,000Total $906,550One of the plants valued at $91,000 was destroyed ; will be scrapped. The total recoverable amount estimated from the cash-generating unit is $760,050. What is the recoverable amount of the Plant ; Machinery after the impairment loss? (FIB)3613151270000$ (2 marks) Q12. Meagan had purchased an asset on 1st September 2015 at a cost of $300,000 with the useful life of six years with no residual value. The asset has been depreciated until 31st October 2020. At that date, the asset was damaged ; an impairment test was taken by Moby. On 31st October 2020, the fair value of the asset was $60,000 with a $3,000 cost of disposal. The expected future cash flows were $16,000/annum for the next five years. The cost of capital is at 13% with five-year annuity factor of 3.52. Calculate the impairment on 31st October 2020? (MCQ)$0$680$6,320$7,000(2 marks) Q13. A delivery van has a carrying amount of $39,000 at the year-end 31st March 2016. Its market value is $33,800 having a disposal cost of $1,250. A new delivery van will cost $46,500. The company expects that the van can generate $9,300/per year of cash flows for the next four years. The cost of capital is 5%. What is the impairment loss to be recognized for the year end 31st March 2016? (MCQ)$1,250$5,200$6,022$6,450(2 marks) Q14. ZZZ Co purchased a non-current asset on 1st January 2012 costing $3.75 million and its life was eight years. On 31st December 2013, the fair value of the non-current asset was $2.95 million. On 31st December 2014, the recoverable amount of the asset was $1.25 million. Calculate the impairment loss to be recorded in Profit ; Loss account on 31st December 2014 nearest to $000? (FIB)3613151270000$ 000 (2 marks) IMPAIRMENT OF ASSETS (ANSWERS) Q1. CRecoverable amount is the higher of the Value in Use or the Net Realizable Value. Q2. DImpairment loss = Carrying amount – Recoverable amount = Positive (+) Aldo = $90,000 – $150,000 = (-$60,000) No ImpairmentBalbo = $140,000 – $195,000 = (-$55,000) No ImpairmentCasco = $112,000 – $105,000 = $7,000 Impairment Q3. DAssets which have their own impairment criteria do not fall under the scope of IAS 32 -Impairment of asset. Inventory is impaired under IAS 2 – Inventory where it is calculated by choosing lower of Cost or Net Realizable Value. Q4. B Q5. $6,037Value in UseCash Flow Discount Factor 8% Present Value19,000 0.926 $17,59419,000 0.857 $16,28319,000 0.794 $15,086Total PV $48,963Fair Value less Cost to sell = $47,000 – $3,500 = $43,500Higher of = $48,963Impairment Loss = $55,000 – $48,963 = $6,037 Q6.A fall in the market value of a machine due to inflation (External indication)The management realized that an asset is unable to produce up to its full capacity (Internal indication)A report prepared by the warehouse manager than one of the lifter cars has crashed into a wall (Internal indication)The development of intention of management to sell the asset during the next 3 months (Internal indication) Q7. BCarrying Amount = (500,000 Ãâ€" 5/10) = 250,000Fair value less cost to sell = (160,000 – 10,000) = 150,000Value in use = (13,000 Ãâ€" 3.79) = 49,270Recoverable amount $150,000, Impairment = 250,000 – 150,000 = $100,000 Q8. DThe total impairment of CGU is $200,000The goodwill is impaired by $75,000 leaving $125,000 of impairment to be allocated to other assets.Total of assets to be impaired is $495,000 (400 + 90 +5)Impairment = (400,000 à · 495,000) Ãâ€" 125,000 = 101,010Fair Value after impairment = 400,000 – 101,010 = $298,990 Q9. AThe NRV of the inventory is still greater than its carrying amount so no impairment has arisen Q10. $742,500Calculation done in $000Cost = 2,100Depreciation = (2,100 Ãâ€" 2/10) = 420Carrying amount (After 2 years) = 2,100 – 420 = 1,680Revaluation of asset = 1,680 1,900 = 220 in Revaluation ReserveNew Cost = 1,900Depreciation = (1,900 Ãâ€" 1/8) = 237.5Carrying amount (After 1 year) = 1,900 – 237.5 = 1,662.5Impairment loss = 1,662.5 – 700 = 962.5Reversal of Revaluation Reserve = $220Excess recorded in Profit ; Loss account = 962.5 – 220 = $742,500 Q11. $211,257The total impairment of CGU is $146,500The goodwill is impaired by $30,500 leaving $116,000 of impairment to be allocated to other assets. The plant is impaired by $91,000 leaving $25,000 of impairmentTotal of assets to be impaired is $629,050 (409,050 + 311,000 – 91,000)Impairment = (220,000 à · 629,050) Ãâ€" 25,000 = 8,743Fair Value after impairment = 220,000 – 8,743 = $211,257 Q12. ACarrying Amount = (300,000 Ãâ€" 1/6) = 50,000Fair value less cost to sell = (60,000 – 3,000) = 57,000Value in use = (16,000 Ãâ€" 3.52) = 56,320Recoverable amount $57,000, Impairment = 50,000 – 57,000 = $0 Q13. CValue in UseCash Flow Annuity Factor 5% (1-4) Present Value9,300 3.546 $32,978Total PV $32,978Fair Value less Cost to sell = $33,800 – $1,250 = $32,550Higher of = $32,978Impairment Loss = $39,000 – $32,978 = $6,022 Q14. $1,071,000Calculation done in $000Cost = 3,750Depreciation = (3,750 Ãâ€" 2/8) = 937.5Carrying amount (After 2 years) = 3,750 – 937.5 = 2,812.5Revaluation of asset = 2,812.5 2,950 = 137.5 in Revaluation ReserveNew Cost = 2,950Depreciation = (2,950 Ãâ€" 1/6) = 491.67Carrying amount (After 1 year) = 2,950 – 491.67 = 2,458.33Impairment loss = 2,458.33 – 1,250 = 1,208.33Reversal of Revaluation Reserve = $137.5Excess recorded in Profit ; Loss account = 1,208.33 – 137.5 = $1,070,830Nearest to $000 = $1,071,000

The Qualities that Bullies Share

Bullies have always been a threat to every kid in school, in a neighborhood and even to grown-ups in the workplace. A great number of films, most especially teen flicks, have stereotyped bullies as the students who are largely built to physically abuse much smaller students, football jocks who are very popular that every girl adores them and nerds fear them, and attractive girls who are as popular as the jocks who would pick on not-so attractive girls. However, these are merely stereotypes which are used for cinematic drama but they pose a good reflection of real life bullies.Nonetheless, we cannot simply identify them by race, gender, age or the way they look yet they seem to share certain qualties which are common to bullies. These qualities may be seen in their physical looks, built, family background, and emotional stability. The Qualities that Bullies Share Bullying is defined as a â€Å"behaviour which consistently undemrines another's confidence, reducing feelings of self-wor th and self-esteem† (Field, 51). This definition of the term already gives away an image of a bully.A bully cannot regularly be determined by simply judging his or her physical built but rather the person's emotional and psychological stability. One of the few qualities that bullies have in common is their immaturity in handling responsibilities. They try to be destructively critical of others to justify their inability to handle the situation themselves. For example, in school, a bully student could blame all the faults on his or her laboratory partner once their experiment fails. The bully's inability to accept his or her failure shows how irresponsible and immature the person is.They try to cover up some personal vulnerabilities by picking and finding fault on others. They are always full of complaints without first analysing what their supposed role is. In relation to their immaturity and irresponsibility, another quality which can be present in a bully's personality are t heir insecurities in life. They always seem to have a vision that they are above others. They can be considered to be self-absorbed at some point as they would always target people who they think they can manipulate. They try to degrade other people's self-esteem thinking that they could boost theirs.â€Å"He also injects his own insecurity which is then transferred to the victim† (Field, 52). They try to exhaust their insecurities to their victims to avoid having to face their emotional misery on their own. This behaviour in bullies shows how undeveloped their emotional stability is. They cannot handle emotionally-degrading situations so they they try to deal with it by turning them over to their victims. Their immaturity and insecurities are eating up what could have been an oppurtunity for their characters and skills to develop. ConclusionBullies do not have a particular face or look that one can easily pinpoint. They can be anyone in your surroundings who can produce a lo t of destructive criticisms in a snap of a finger. They may not even be aware that they are committing an act of bullying. A bully is not always the fat guy in school or the handsome jocks portrayed on film. They are people who have problems trying deal with their incapacities by degrading others. Work Cited Field, Tim. Bully in sight: how to predict, resist, challenge and combat workplace bullying : overcoming the silence and denial by which abuse thrives. United Kingdom: Success

Cyber threat analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Cyber threat analysis - Research Paper Example The paper will also mention companies that provide cyber threat analysis services. In addition, the paper will continue to by discussing future speculations about the fate and integration of cyber threat analysis. Cyber Threat Analysis Introduction Computer and internet users have been met with dire and consequences that have sought to deny them their freedom and sense of enjoyment when using various software and computer hardware that link to the internet. The World Wide Web has become a risk ground where individuals can be attacked by malicious programs that may work to ruin important information stored and retained in individual computer system. The issues of cyber threats have been very serious and grievous as the risks involved have exposed secrete information of particular organizations to unauthenticated individuals. Attackers of information systems of particular organizations have used the vantage to fell particular organizations or scuttle their normal operations. Government agencies have also faced the forsaken effects of cyber threats as witnessed with exposure of critical government information to unwarranted individuals. The graveness of cyber threats in the contemporary global world necessitated technologists and scientists to research ways of by which information systems can be secured from the detrimental attackers. ... Cyber threat analysis involves numerous steps projected to ensuring attaining of the best ways of protecting organization’s information system. Cyber threat analysis begins with determination of an organizations total expenditure on particular assets whose information is stored in the computer systems. The analysis also takes into consideration the organizational values including tangible and intangible costs required in obtaining, creating and maintaining the needed security in the information system. Cyber threat analysis will also consider individual organization’s image and reputation in the public domain. In addition, cyber threat analysts also scrutinize the historical information threats witnessed in the organization and their likelihood to occur in the future. Furthermore, the analysis of the cyber threats takes into consideration any probable threats and dangers that are likely to attack the information domain system of an organization. After determining the mo st probable threats, cyber threat analysts are required to move further and identify the possible ways and avenues by an organizations’ information system may get attacked. As depicted by Janczewski and Colarik (2005), cyber threat analysts also need to speculate possible qualitative and quantitative amount(s) of damages that an attack may cause to an organization. Janczewski and Colarik (2005) further propose that cyber threat analysts should define possible strategies that may help in minimizing information damages in case a serious and highly protracted attack. The Technologies Involved With Cyber Threat Analysis The effectiveness of cyber threat

Adam Smith and Karl Marx Economic Theories Essay

Adam Smith and Karl Marx Economic Theories - Essay Example Most of the theories in economics today are based on the ideas of Smith as well as Marx and Keynes. These individuals have different ideas on how the economy works and the best economic system that would ensure the good of all people in the society. They also differ on the role the government is supposed to take to drive the economy to prosperity. All these differences are prompted by the views held by different theorists regarding human nature and this will be the subject of our discussion in the next section but emphasis on the role of human nature in economic theories of Smith and Marx. Adam Smith (1723-1790) As stated earlier, Smith is regarded as the father of modern economics and capitalism. According to him, human beings are social and as such they have a tendency to care for each other. They are also driven by self-interest but this does not deter them from empathizing with and help each other (Skousen, 11). This is the basis of his economic theory written in his book An inqu iry into the nature and causes of the wealth of nations or what is commonly referred as Wealth of Nations in 1776 (Das Kapital). This brought about industrial revolution and emergence of capitalism as the dominant mode of production (Hall). The capitalist economy is based on the mechanism of free markets whereby Smith believed that individuals driven by self-interest and not infringing on the rights of others can in the process benefit the whole society (Hall). The market is driven by the ‘invisible hand’ whereby producers produce goods and services and take to market where they meet buyers who are in need of such goods for consumption. In this case, the buyer and seller only meet when exchanging products and do not negotiate on the quantity to be produced or bought (Skousen, 10). Individuals are assumed to self-regulate themselves in this economy and as such there is no need for government intervention unless to provide public goods such as infrastructure and make sure people adhere to contracts. There is thus free movement of labour, capital and goods (11). Smith’s economic theory is also based on economic independence. Natural liberty according to smith is a fundamental human right thus individuals are given freedom to do what they want (Hall). They produce what they want, at a price they want but the principle of justice must be withheld, that is, there is freedom of production and exchange. As such, all the actors in the economy (workers, landlords and capitalists) work in harmony; there is no conflict of interest (Skousen, 27). In such case, Smith assumes that human beings are honest, just according to societal rules. They can therefore, pursues self-interest without offending or ignoring the needs of others but for the benefit of all. Smith did not envision greed and egotism in human nature. Furthermore, capitalists have to consider the interests of consumers if they want to make profit. Human beings are competitive in nature. This a ccording to Smith was not a negative thing but affected the economy positively, that is, is led to economic growth (Hall). Man should therefore â€Å"bring his industriousness and capital into competition with those of others to create harmony† (Skousen, 27). Competition leads to determination of prices in the market thus the market is always in the equilibrium. The producer is able to get profit for his produce and the consumer benefits from low prices as well as improved quality (to lower prices, manufacturers improve technology thus produce quality goods at low cost). As such economic prosperity is achieved through economic independence. Karl Marx (1818-1883) Smith and Marx had very different views regarding human nature and as such

The Myth of Horoscope Is Not True Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Myth of Horoscope Is Not True - Essay Example However, I personally think the myth of horoscopy is not completely true. It is an unrealistic approach towards astronomy and a combination of psychological theories and techniques which effects people’s imagination and beliefs. Before talking about the truth of horoscope, it is important to know that where it came from. It can be traced back in Mesopotamia five thousand years ago; where many different races such as Babylonians and Assyrian lived. Their original religion had certain level of believe in celestial body. In fact, astronomy was practiced as horoscopy during that time period. They used to relate certain stars with the animal or human image. Later in about 592 B.C., Greeks named the images on sky after their gods and created stories to explain about their existence in sky. These illusions became what we call constellations nowadays. Horoscopy uses those constellations, planets and their movement in solar system to predict. Constellations are just configuration of stars as we see it from earth. The contradiction is how a person’s fate can be judged by the stars which are hundred million light-years away from earth. Constellations are nihility, and it is not necessary for astronomers to name each group of stars. Astronomers can simply assign a number to stars, but it will make astronomy somewhat boring for people. Therefore, in order to make it interesting and easy to remember, Greeks associated constellations with fairy tales. Astronomy is art of science, but unfortunately, horoscopy manipulates the original meaning of astronomy. Those who believe in it completely are losing their sense of judgment. Horoscopy is merely a combination of statistical and psychological techniques. First, astrologers collect the data about a group of people with same constellation. On the basis of collected data, they analyze people for similar characteristics. Second, they classify constellation’s characteristics with the

Economy Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5250 words

Economy Assignment - Essay Example We know that exchange rate is influenced by the demand of the particular currency. Sterling exchange rate against Yen has shown significant growth in the first quarter of year 2002. It indicates that the demand of the Sterling have grown against Yen. In the year 2003 Yen have appreciated against Sterling. In reviewing the exchange rate on a broader base than quarterly it is evident that although although 2000 was a year of decline for the Sterling against the Yen, there was a remarkable jumps in the first quarter of 2001 which saw the quarter ending at the same rate per se as the first quarter of 2000 (the quarter in which we began the analysis.) In total for year 2001 the Sterling saw no depreciation against the Yen. After its approximate 12 point jump between the 4th quarter of 2000 and the 1st quarter of 2001, the remainder of the year saw slight growth. Then although not as dramatic as was the 10 point leap between 4th quarter of 2001 and the 1st quarter of 2002. During 2002 saw the first depreciation in the Sterling of approximately 4 points in quarter 2 where it remained constant through the 3rd quarter. Again in between quarter 3 of 2002 and the 4th quarter of 2002 the Sterling gained almost 8 points before dropping slightly in the 1st quarter of 2003 only to moderate in the 2nd quarter and then steadily decline through the end of the quarter. A noticeable factor during the four year analysis other than quarter fluctuations the last quarter of 2003 ended with the Sterling just shy of gaining 15 points against the Yen. Figure 1 As we can see from the graph above, the Sterling exchange rates have depreciated to its minimum during the fourth quarter of year 2000. It was the period when the Iraq war had impacted the global economy as a whole and was not in particular related specifically to the Yen. In the year 2001 it has shown slow and steady growth. The value ranged 172.26 to 178.45 with a growing pattern. During the first quarter of year 2002 it was a good jump in the value of sterling against Yen with an increase realization of almost 12. It was 188.79. This value depreciated in the next two quarters. The fourth quarter of the same year it was maximum of all the four years. The fluctuation pattern of the Sterling exchange rate in the year 2003 has been of depreciation. The Sterling value has increased to 191.9 in the quarter 2 of the 2003 which was higher than the first quarter which again depreciated sharply in the next two quarters. The Sterling Exchange Rate against The Japanese Yen 2000-2003 Quarter 1 Quarter 2 Quarter 3 Quarter 4 2000 171.99 163.52 159.19 158.89 2001 172.26 174.19 174.67 178.45 2002 188.79 185.29 184.85 192.42 2003 190.67 191.9 189.14 185.64 Source: Economic Trends (2004), Table 6.1, P126 Table 1: Sterling Exchange Rate against Japanese Yen Year 2000-2003 b. Provide an analysis of the possible causes of exchange rate appreciation of Sterling against Yen.(20 Marks) (a n b 1250 words) Answer: The fluctuation of the value of any currency means appreciation or depreciation of the value of the currency against the other currency. The cause of fluctuation of any currency

Peresonal development and life long learning Essay

Peresonal development and life long learning - Essay Example Minimization of infection due to catheters, improvement of flow rate and the prevention of thrombo-embolism are some of the factors which have determined research activities in this area (Lok, 2006). As the intensity of catheterization has doubled since their initial use the risk of occurrence of complications arising due to such procedures has also increased which can put tremendous stress on the patients’ health as well as finances. Catheterization has a significant effect on the clinical outcome in such patients due to the high incidence of morbidity and mortality (Tal & Ni, 2008). A variety of anticoagulants have been used in the CVCs to prevent thrombo-embolism and anticoagulant management in haemodialysis in itself is a vital area of therapeutic intervention per se in dialysis patients (Lo et al, 2005). Dialysis patients are prone to venous thromboembolism as well as atrial fibrillation and warfarin and low-molecular weight heparins are frequently used in such cases (Lo et al, 2005). Patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) are more prone to a hypercoagulable state due to the development of a biochemical milieu in which there is elevation of particular prothrombin fragments and thrombin-antithrombin complexes (Lo et al, 2005). This necessitates effective control measures in such patients for the control of embolus formation all along the course of haemodialysis. Sodium citrate and heparin in various forms are the preferred agents for prevention of embolus formation in patients undergoing haemodialysis due to renal impairment. Continuous renal replacemen t therapy (CRRT) is frequently used as a preventive measure in high risk kidney patients (Bagshaw et al, 2005). When CVCs are used in patients undergoing haemodialysis, thrombosis at the catheter surface itself poses a big problem which affects dialysis quality as well as catheter survival (Grudzinski et al, 2006). A study by these authors has attempted to weigh the pros

Cultural Considerations in the Design and Localisation of Essay

Cultural Considerations in the Design and Localisation of International Websites - Essay Example ses who want to make sure they can gain profits more efficiently in the fierce market competition should definitely design their websites in different languages and localise them to adapt to the local culture. Sun (2004), who is a senior localisation specialist from a software localisation company in Shenzhen, defines localisation as a process to custom-make software, websites, or documents according to the demands of the target country, or market, in order to eliminate the cultural barriers. For example, in the context of a company the term localization refers to the transformation of the company’s image to an international standard. Thus, it reaches more countries beyond that which it is mainly based in both expansion of services to target region and meeting their specific, cultural resemblance. In fact, other definitions of localisation also stress that website localisation is meant to revise the website to give the website a linguistic appeal in aagreement with the target culture so that the information on the website can be accessed and used by the target users more easily. It is an all-round process so the designer of the website must consider all business and cultural aspects. The designer should not only be a programming expert since great web design is not enough in business localisation. Thus, the web designer should also be familiar with the target culture knowledge, and of course, master the target language. It can be seen that, through restructuring of the web content and emphasis of a cultural appeal; the basic object of localisation is to eliminate cultural barriers. Therefore the cultural considerations are definitely necessary and even the most important concern in the design and localisation of international websites.The essay is going to start with describing the necessary of localisation of international websites. Next there are some analyses of important cultural considerations, such as language, colour, images and symbols, layout and data

The cost an organization would pay to start and operate an on-site day Essay

The cost an organization would pay to start and operate an on-site day care center for it's employees - Essay Example $75.00 $180 Kindergarten $99.27 $57.52 $135 School Age $58.22 $38.00 $75 Weekly cost of childcare centers in Kirkland Average Minimum Maximum Infant $181.77 $139.59 $234.70 Toddler $141.63 $98.94 $215.83 Preschool $117.29 $92.04 $176.02 Kindergarten $100.02 $46.02 $150.00 School Age $68.38 $40.00 $84.21 Likewise, Hittle (2006) listed below the list that must be addressed in order to operate a Daycare Center: 1. Set Up Equipment Furnishings Supplies Pre-operational leasing payments Damage deposit Business accounts deposit Renovations Licensing requirements Start up loan Licenses & Permits 2. Staff Costs Health Insurance Employee absences; sick leave, vacation, professional days substitutes Taxes Payroll service (optional, but well worth the money) Accountant (to help set up your record keeping system) *Rule of Thumb: add 15% to base salaries 3. Operating Costs Rent Garbage removal Recycling removal Utility bills Maintenance & Repairs Insurance Supplies Equipment Food Phone Fire alarm system LaFratta (2006) presented the following table for costing or estimate of costs: Sources and Application of Funding Sources: New Debt: Loan $ 82,980 Equipment 20,000 Investment from (name) $ 5,000 Total $107,980 Applications: Retro fit of building $ 68,219 Equipment 15,000 Start Up costs 14,761 . 5,000 Total $107,980 Mcmillin (1996) cited the Susquehanna Child Care Center as one successful although still experiencing a lot of difficulties and challenges as a joint effort between community and university in setting up a daycare center to address needs of university staff, as well as others interested. Conclusion: The actual operating cost of a daycare center for an organization is very much dependent on a lot of things... Bringing together people who are willing to propagate support, change, and explore possibilities that make the on-site daycare center an on-going growth and discovery project. A successful one could as well be a recruitment tool and could generate positive publicity. Given the above, it is now easier to present costs that are of necessary consideration in starting up a day care center. Cost definitely is dependent on the available resources, location whether city or rural area, competition (if ever), facilities, services, special features, availability, among other variations that directly alter actual costs. Mcmillin (1996) cited the Susquehanna Child Care Center as one successful although still experiencing a lot of difficulties and challenges as a joint effort between community and university in setting up a daycare center to address needs of university staff, as well as others interested. The actual operating cost of a daycare center for an organization is very much dependent on a lot of things and this paper could only cite examples as varying actual costs are considered. With the listings above as a guide, a planner or provider may make and research his or her own location's actual costs in order to get the exact or near exact data. Outsourcing to other local providers maybe a good option for an organization considering that setting up is in its

Iran and Iraeli Current Situation Research Paper

Iran and Iraeli Current Situation - Research Paper Example Iranian Nuclear Program - Historical Background Being launched in the 1970s under the Shah, the series of Iran’s ambitious nuclear projects heavily relied on the U.S. and European assistance – Iran had struck a deal with the West-German company, KWU, to build two 1Â  200 megawatt reactors and negotiated the construction of another two 900 megawatt reactors with the French ‘Framatome’ (Iran Watch, 2012). The goal set by the Shah had been for the country to produce over 20Â  000 megawatts of electricity from nuclear power stations within the next twenty years (Iran Watch, 2012). Following the revolution in 1979 and the war with Iraq that started in 1980, the nuclear energy program had been abandoned and the existing infrastructure – considerably damaged. However, since the late 1980s, Iran’s nuclear program had been revived and given a fresh impetus via the assistance from Russia and China (Iran Watch, 2012). ... Q. Khan (Iran Watch, 2012; Cronin, Kronstadt and Squassoni, 2005). Both actual progress and probable scope of Iran’s nuclear program became clear, to a degree or another, in 2003, when the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) conducted a series of safeguards inspections, along with verification of Iran’s activities in the area of uranium enrichment, intended to set off implementation of the NPT Safeguards Agreement in the country (IAEA, 2003). Having found no evidence of activities related to development of nuclear weapons by then, the Agency emphasized the necessity of further inspections, enough time and Iran’s full cooperation, in order to be able to conclude that Iran’ nuclear program is exclusively for peaceful purposes (IAEA, 2003). In 2004, however, Iran was rebuked for failing to cooperate with IAEA’s inquiry and agreed to suspend most of its uranium enrichment activity under a deal with the EU; nevertheless, uranium conversion was resu med at Isfahan plant in 2005, and Iran was accused of violation of NPT (Aljazeera, 2012). From 2005 to 2009, there were a series of breaches in Iran’s promises and the agreements with IAEA concerning the uranium enrichment activities, accompanied by sweeping U.S sanctions against the country, Iran’s rocket-test launches, including such of a of a long-range missile capable of reaching Israel, and a UN Security Council resolution on Iran’s uranium enrichment program (Aljazeera, 2012). Following the new disclosure of an underground enrichment facility at Fordow, nearby Qom, and Iran’s rejection of the international demand for freezing the project, several important developments took place in 2009, including an IAEA report that suggested for the first time Iran might be chasing

Effects of Global Warming on Animals Essay Example for Free

Effects of Global Warming on Animals Essay In the United States, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has initiated various environmental campaigns to gradually resolve the increasing impacts of climate change towards the environment (Silverstein et. al. , 2003 p. 5). The public’s increased attention to such problem is not anymore surprising as it threatens every creature with potentially devastating consequences. However, the subjects of animal health have received lesser attention compared to the economic, industrial and social impacts of climatic changes brought by global warming (Sherman, 2002 p. 204). According to Root, Price and Hall et al. (2003), the primary concern of ecologists is the rapid increase of climatic change consistently altering the natural ecology of wildlife in various ecosystems. Based on the annual measurement of atmospheric carbon dioxide (ACO) concentrations, two major signals depicting dramatic ecological patterns have been observed, namely (1) â€Å"seasonal cycle that reflects the metabolism of terrestrial ecosystems in the northern hemisphere†, and (2) â€Å"accelerating increase in tropospheric concentrations of ACO since 1957† (Vitousek, 1994). As supported by various studies (Root, Price and Hall et al. , 2003; Vitousek, 1994; Tylianakis, Didham and Bascompte et al. , 2008), global warming effects, namely (1) increases in temperature, (2) alteration of food chains, and (3) atmospheric gas imbalances, dramatically affect the conditions of animal kingdom. II. Literature Review a. Global Warming: Ecological Imbalance The basic principle of global warming consists of the accumulation of radiation energy from the sun resulting to the warming of the planet’s surface (Houghton, 2004 p. 14). Based on 688 published studies on global warming, the three major environmental impacts affecting the ecological systems of animals and plants are (1) temperature changes, (2) alterations of animal symbiotic relationships, and (3) imbalances in the atmospheric gases (Tylianakis, Didham and Bascompte et al. , 2008). Based on the study of Root, Price and Hall et al. (2003), global temperature has increased to approximately 0. 6 degree C since 1880s, and projected to increase consistently with the coming generations. The continuous alterations of climate may be due to the three following reasons: (1) sunspot cycles, (2) volcanic eruptions producing large quantities of fine ash in the air, and (3) the occurrence of El Nino Southern Oscillation (Gupta, 1998 p. 86). In the literary reviews of Root, Price and Hall et al. (2003) using 143 different studies, majority of the studies reveal the endangering situations of approximately 80% of species that are now gradually adjusting to various ecosystems due to the physiological constraints brought by ecologic changes. In fact, according to the study of Thomas, Cameron and Green et al. (2004), animal habitats and survival expectations have been altered by the effects of global warming increasing the projected extinction risks to approximately 20% among the sample ecosystems, namely Queensland, Mexico, South Africa, Amazonia and Europe. b. Increases in Temperature With the advent of modernization, auto engines, power plants, industrial mills, and residential heating systems burn coal, oil, or natural gas accounting to 98% of the carbon dioxide added to the atmosphere, while the other 2% id due to the increased deforestation and mining (Tomera, 2001 p. 113). According to Root, Price and Hall et al. (2003), rapid temperature increases and ecological stresses brought by the alterations of ecosystems are disrupting the natural communities of various species, which lead to forced adaptations of species, numerous extirpations and possible extinctions. As supported by the study of Pounds, Bustamante and Coloma et al. (2006), one example of massive animal extinctions occurred in the mountains of Costa Rica wiping 67% of the various 110 species of Atelopus, such as harlequin frog (Atelopus Sp. ) and golden toad (bufo periglenes) and pathogenic chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis), which are endemic to American tropical habitats. In a study conducted by Penuelas, Fillela and Comast (2002), life cycles in a Mediterranean environment (Cardedeu, NE Spain) has been observed from 1952 to 2000 in order to determine possible alterations in the ecosystems and increasing climate changes. With the temperature increase amounting to ? 1. 4 degree C (1952 to 2000), results reveal significant phonological alterations among the different species of animals (e. g. spring migratory birds arriving 15 days later in 2000 compared 1952, etc. ). Noting the mentioned temperature increase in the latter study, Hanson, Sato and Ruedy (2006) suggest that a relative increase of ? 1 degree C is likely to affect the sea levels and exterminate various species. c. Symbiotic Relationships: Predisposing Species Extinction Temperature, climate, and gas imbalances are the leading global warming effects altering the different levels of ecologic symbiosis. The rise of global temperature affects the geographical distribution of ectothermic animals, decomposers and mostly those with lesser thermal tolerance (Portner, 2001). For example, thermally intolerant metazoans and other decomposers have markedly shown increase mitochondrial oxygen demand parallel to the rise of temperature, which resulted to the reduction of their population (Portner, 2001). Using species-area and endemic-area relationships, Malcolm, Liu and Neilson et al. (2006) have identified the projected percent extinctions of sample biodiversities (Cape Floristic Region, Caribbean, Indo-Burma, Australia, and Tropical Andes, etc.) ranging from 1 to 43% of the endemic biota (averaging to 11. 6%). Various etiologies derived from disrupted ecological symbiosis explain these projections. Most commonly, the imbalance atmospheric gases and high temperature result to the increased growth of plants with insufficient nutrition brought by low organic property of soil (Kirschbaum, 1995). With the low-nutrient composts, decomposers may gradually decrease disrupting the normal ecosystem-level cycling (Vitousek, 1994). In addition to decomposer disruptions, the study of Kirschbaum (1995) has suggested a marked loss of over 10% of organic soil for every 1 degree C increase in temperature due to the dramatic destruction of temperature-sensitive organic decomposers in different regions globally. These data implies that the increasing trend of temperature rise and gaseous imbalances can dramatically contribute to the extinction of different species.

HRM defined as to plan, organise, direct, control

HRM defined as to plan, organise, direct, control HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT The definition of human resource management by Edwin Flippo is to plan, organize, direct, control, compensate, integrate, motivate and separate the human resources to achieve the goal and objectives for the organization. The main focus of this function is to properly recruit people for the organization. It involves management functions which are organizing, planning, directing and controlling. It also involves the procurement, development and appraisal of human resources. The main objective is to achieve the organization goal. The team spirit and team work depends on the human resource management. Human resource management has evolved back to Kautilya Artha Shastra when he recommended the government to introduce the proper rules and regulation for the employers and employees. During the Medieval Times Allaudin Khilji who was the king that time has introduced the fixed prices and fixed salaries that time for the better living of people. In 1920 trade union emerged and most of the historian writes that human resource management started in the First World War with the emergence of trade union. In 1931 the Royal commission appointed the labor welfare officer for the governance of labor. Later in 1942 factory act has been made compulsory for the organization those have more than 500 workers. For the solution of labor and workers international institute of personnel management and national institute of management have been set up. Employees were more aware of their rights after the World War Two. After that new technology has made life easy for the workers. In 1960s most of the big companies started their separate professional management. In 1970s efficiency of the worker was most important and was measured. During 1980s technology emerged into organization and news rules and regulations have been made and 1990s was the era where human values and development of people were considered. Organization follows bureaucratic style for their HR Department activities i.e. all major activities are concentrated to three positions which means that one person is HR manager and two are the HR officers. HR Manager HR Officer HR Officer Key Activities of HRM: The major activities in the human resource management process are as follows. Planning of human resources Major function is to identify the needs of the staff for the organization. The management of staff has been dealt in this. Analysis for job Job analysis is also another major area in human resource management. Every job in the company has been analyzed and then advertized on the basis of this analysis. Recruitment and selection The advertisement and publishing in the news papers or and media has been done after the detail analysis. This is called recruitment. The published advertisement resulted into many applications, interviews have been conducted and right candidate is selected. Orientation and induction After the selection of successful candidate induction has been done. The new employees have been informed about the organization, its culture, values, team and ethics. Training and development After the induction newly appointed employees have been trained for their role in the organization and better performance. The training has also been given to experienced employees as a refresher course. Most of the amount has been spend in this area. Performance appraisal The performance of the employees have been monitored by human resource department monthly, quarterly, yearly depends on the nature of the organization. On the basis of performance future appraisal like promotion, incentive or increment has been given to employees. Compensation Every organization has its own rules and regulation for the compensation and benefits. Human resource department is also responsible for this. Motivation The most important factor in successful organization is motivated employees. Different methods are applied to motivate the employees in the organization. Industrial Relations Human resource department also coordinates with the member of the union to help the company to prevent the strikes or anything against the company. Achieving Objectives: The HR department does the tracking of existing employee data which usually comprises personal accounts, abilities, competencies, achievements and salary. Companies have been using the electronic automated Specialized HR Management system to decrease the physical workload of these managerial actions. Services of the internal or external IT professional are used for the development, maintenance and integration of these systems. If any of the organization is working on the low capital assets then they need to buy or develop these proprietary software; these internally-developed HRMS were unrestricted to organizations that obsessed a large amount of capital. Human Resource Model There are few HRM models in business environment, even though, there are two models commonly use as HRM models in businesses today aside from other models that has been theorized and formulated by some academics. Soft version of HRM which is treating employees as valued assets. This is called Harvard model, stresses the human element in the human resources formulation and is considered as the soft variant in HRM. It is offered by Michael Beer. Hard version of the HRM which is the Michigan model, holding that employees are resources in the same way as any other business resource. The Michigan model is also known as the matching model or best-fit approach to human resource management.   It is introduced by Fombrun, Tichy and Devanna, 1984. Soft HRM Model Hard HRM Model Employee as resource Employee as Cost People issues Market issues Commitment Compliance Integration/Co -operation Control Qualitative/Negotiation Quantitative/Rational THE HARVARD FRAMEWORK MODEL This framework is based on the belief that the problems of historical personnel management can only be solved when general develop a view point of how they wish to see employees involved and developed by the enterprise and of what human resource management policies and practices may achieve those goals .Without either a central philosophy or a strategic vision which can be provided only by general managers. Human resource management is likely to remain set of independent activities, each guided by its own practice tradition. As also explained earlier we can see that Sainsbury survival and growth have mainly been dependent on the fact that the Harvard Framework is partially followed where in Managers across Sainsbury are being given responsibilities for selecting, motivating, developing and evaluating employees. All managers are therefore taking on human resource responsibilities. Employees are the most important resources in Sainsbury, particularly in creating a competitive edge Mana gers across Sainsbury are being given responsibilities for selecting, motivating, developing and evaluating employees. All managers are therefore taking on human resource responsibilities. Has Employees are the most important resources in Sainsbury, particularly in creating a competitive edge. THE MATCHING MODEL One of the first explicit statements of the HRM concept was made by Michigan School (Fombrun et al, 1984).They held that HR systems and the organization structure should be managed in a way that is similar with the organizational strategy (hence the name matching model).They further explained that there is a further human resource cycle, which consists of four generic processes or functions that are performed in all organizations. The first and the most important among them is Selection -matching available human resources to jobs is one among them that has been a key to the success of Sainsbury the reason being that as explained earlier that the Recruitment process are of two kinds external and Internal recruitment and according to the Matching Model Which is largely applied in Sainsbury the Recruitment is done internally by using Internal Job posting and no doubt has been a very successful thing ,has the individuals who are selected already have a hands on experience with the post t hat they have applied for as they do get trained skills required to full fill that role by doing multitasking by carrying on doing their work and also learning the skills required for the new job that they are applying for out of their own interest voluntarily. Human Resource Planning: Human resources planning in the broadest sense include both strategic and operational human resource planning as a continuous process rather than an activity limited to a fixed segment of the business planning process. PLANNING A BUSINESS STRATEGY The concept of planning boiled down is that in order to determine the direction for human resource plans you must have a series of questions that your organization needs to answer in order to predict and perhaps control some of the major change areas for the future. This means that you begin by asking the right questions the questions which, if asked regularly and systematically, will force you to produce answers of maximum value in shaping your future human resources. It is also important to look at the planning activity from an activity standpoint. From an operational view human resources planning is the analysis of human resource requirements of organizations and the related needs for management policies, programs and resources to satisfy these requirements. As is shown by Figure A, human resources planning is critically interdependent with all aspects of the business. A human resource strategy is a critical component of the firms corporate and business strategies, comprising a set of well-coordinated objectives and action programs aimed at securing a long-term, sustainable advantage over the firms competitors. A human resource strategy should be consistent with the firms corporate and business strategies, as well as with the other managerial functional strategies. RECRUITMENT AND SELECTION Every post in Sainsburys is filled by the most appropriate candidate. The identification Atkinson J (1984) process for the vacancy has been followed in Sainsburys where the most suitable person is selected for the job. First of all requirements for the job have been defined, potential employees are attracted, interviewed and selected the right person for the job. Objectives for recruitment and selection process The most important objective of this process is to achieve organizational goal to become a leading retail supermarket in the UK by providing the excellent customer service, putting customer at first and meeting the customer day to day needs. This is ensured that the best candidate has been selected and he/she will contribute to maximize the profit for the organization. The whole process based on the human resource department; if they are unable to select the right candidate then the whole effort will be lost with the expenses as well. In Sainsburys the effective planned style has been followed in which recruitment starts with the identification of vacancy, then the job description has been analyzed and advertised internally and externally. They prefer to advertise internally because they want to promote the existing staff for the role and they save the initial training or induction. If they are unable to hire the existing employee for the current role and then they look for the proper person outside the organization. The applications are called and reviewed initially and the then some candidates have been short listed and called for interviews. The interviews are face to face and it allows them to assess the right candidate. During the interview appearance, communication and interpersonal skills have been analyzed. After the interview most appropriate person has been selected who can perform juggling tasks, have got the potential for training, development and promotion. Customer focused, attitude towards helping the people, natural team member who can work with different culture people have been selected the most during the interviews. Sainsburys also fulfill the legal requirements about the labor laws and equal opportunities. In the past Sainsburys has been able to achieve their target by the successful recruiting and selection process. TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT In Sainsburys when employee enters it starts learning and is a continued all the times. All the employees have been trained to improve the performance. On the basis of this performance they are then promoted to higher ranks. Objectives of the training and development in Sainsburys Following objectives are tried to be obtained during training and development process. To provide and update all the employees about the current legislations To develop the expertise and qualification To increase the confidence and competence To motivate and encourage employees to get the more profit in response of their service To improve health and safety In Sainsburys training and development has been done by determining the requirements of the employees through appraisal, job analysis and corporate analysis. All the training has been provided in house through external and internal resources. At the end of training a questionnaire has been answered by the candidates and sometimes interviews have been conducted to observe the improvements. On the basis of these interviews and questionnaires the performance is measured and employees are promoted. Also learning enthusiasm among the staff has been determined. The ultimate result of training is to meet the target by providing service better than others. PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL Sainsbury has well defined system by which performance of the employees have been reviews regularly. They are following the Belbim 2008 logical review system for the performance assessment. On the basis of this system line managers in Sainsburys tries to develop skills to individuals as well as the whole team. Objectives of the performance appraisal in Sainsburys Some of the following objectives have been obtained Feedback to employees on their work Fair decision on the promotion and salaries Providing opportunities to employees to participate the decision making process Providing opportunities to employees for training and development Measurement of the efficiency of the individual employees and to emphasize on the performance at their best In Sainsburys performance have been measured using different methods for every department. Such as customer service; normally people at the tills; their performance has been measured through centralized computerized system. The employees are automatically ranked by the computer. When the weekly report has come then performance has been analyzed. If the performance is up to standards then employees are appreciated and if not for three consecutive three weeks then called for interview to understand the underperformance, reason are tried to find out. This system monitors speed, number of transactions, cancelled transactions and mistakes during the transactions. This helps Sainsburys to analyze the performance of the each individual. Due to this every employee is very sensitive about the mistakes, customer service and helped to get the target. On the basis of this effort monthly bonus scheme as a reward has been given to employees. This has done trick for Sainsburys and has got position in the market. Appraisal has been offered on the basis of the performance has been offered to the employees and trained for further role. Human Resource Development (HRD) Human Resource Development (HRD) is a framework for helping the employees to develop their personal and organizational skills, knowledge, and abilities. Human Resource Development includes such opportunities as employee training, employee career development, performance management and development, coaching, mentoring, succession planning, key employee identification, tuition assistance, and organization development. Change of work environment has created many challenges for the human resource management to overcome for the smooth and calm run of the organization. These challenges are as under Employees retention To reduce the cost of the company management tries to cut the cost by telling human resource department to reduce the number of employees. This challenge some time gives hard time to management. Multi-national workforce Most of the companies are spreading operation in the different continents, where they get employee from different nations, cultures and ethics. This whole system generates a multinational environment where people work together from different nations altogether. The integration of multi-national work force is one of the toughest challenges faced by the human resource management. Women in the organizations In the number of employees in the world trend has changed and it has been seen a dramatic increase in the number of women in the organizations all over the world. Women have understood their right more than before. Their understanding has been improved a lot and human resource department have given them opportunity to work with male workforce and accepted this challenge as well. People with disabilities and organizations The most difficult challenge faced by human resource management is to employee the handicap person and fit into organization with all other people. Only fewer organizations in the world are giving opportunities to such people. These people need motivation which is one of the most difficult for the human resource department. Downsizing and employees In the recent era it has been seen that due to high cost, most of the companies have reduced number of employees. This affects the performance of the employees and left negative impact. Human resource departments are trying to implement this strategy without hurting any ones feelings and sentiments. Government rules and regulations In any country companies have to follow rules and regulations by the relative government. Most of the governments have given freedom to the companies to work independently, but sometimes governments have to implement some new rules and regulations in the national interest which may be against the organizations policies which causes some problems for the human resource management. Restructuring in the organization Management faces a lot of problems when it decides to restructure the organization. Nobody wants change that why they always oppose the restructuring process. Human resource management tries to handle this challenge. RECOMMENDATIONS On the basis of analysis of human resource management system in Sainsburys following recommendations have been made Career goal for the employees should be defined and staff should be motivated by deriving them towards the goal by showing them the right way, also opportunities should be indicated for the employees. Performance appraisal should be done on the basis to quarterly performance. The gap between the line managers and staff and management should be reduced by providing them interaction. Time to time human resource manager workshops for the better understanding of the role; can make a difference towards the goal of the organization. Mystery shopper reports should not be ignored; this tells the current situation of the stores. Latest technologies should be used to improve the skills of the employees to get competitive advantage over the competitors. There should be some mechanism be introduced which tells the management about the job satisfaction of the employees and to understand the problem those are faced by the employees at lower level. Rewards management should be attractive in terms of benefits or bonuses or compensation. CONCLUSION Human resource management is responsible for the recruitment of the right people for the job to meet the goal of Sainsburys. Successful completion of the goals of Sainsburys requires effective use of people during the whole process. If anything happens during the process suppose selection of right person and the provision of right person. After completing this assignment it is concluded that human resource department is one of the critical department in the organization that plays crucial role for achieving the target of the organization. Because results are achieved with the help or organization policies, policies are made by human beings. Human beings are selected by human resource department for any organization. They work for the organization for the achievement of the result. None of the organization can get the result without loyal employees. Those should be trained up to standards and rewarded whenever they perform well. Sainsburys motive is to hire most hardworking and skille d people for the achievement of its goal. They train and try to develop their skills all the times. The ultimate results they wanted to become retail market leader in the UK.

Analysis of Solubility and Forming Microemulsions

Analysis of Solubility and Forming Microemulsions Chapter 5 Materials and methods to study  formulation models 5.1. Materials Oils and Surfactants: Ethyl Oleate obtained from Sigma-Aldrich; FK-Sunflower Oil obtained from Fresenius Kabi; FK-MCT Oil obtained from Fresenius Kabi; Miglyol 840 obtained from Sasol; Tween 80 viscous liquid obtained from Sigma-Aldrich; Labrasol obtained from Gattefossà ©; Model API. Devices: Sartorius, Scale Extend, Model ED2245; IKA RET basic, magnetic stirrer; Thermo Electron Corporation, HERAEUS Pico17 centrifuge; UV-spectrophotometer, Eppendorf BioSpectrometer, Kinetic. Other Equipment: Magnetic stir bars; Disposable plastic eppis, Eppendorf, with volume 1.5ml; Disposable plastic cuvettes, Plastibrand, 1.5ml semimicro (12.5 x 12.5 x 45mm); Disposable plastic pipettes, Eppendorf 3ml; Metal spatulas; Glass beakers; Glass bottles with lids; Disposable latex gloves; Protective glasses, shoes and lab coat. Specialized software: Origin Pro 8, by OriginLab Corporation. 5.2. Solubility tests To evaluate which oils and surfactants present better results at forming microemulsions, we pre-selected four different oils and two different surfactants to perform solubility tests with our model API. The oils tested were Ethyl Oleate, FK-Sunflower Oil, FK-MCT Oil, and Miglyol 840. Moreover, the surfactants used were Tween 80 viscous liquid and Labrasol. As shown in Fig. 1 solubility tests were performed using the following method: Firstly, an excessive amount of our API was added with a metal spatula to a concentrate (oil, surfactant or mixture). The chemicals were precisely weighed, and the resulting suspension was mixed, at room temperature, for 16h at 480rpm, at 21 ºC, on the magnetic stirrer. Secondly, the resulting mixed suspension was transferred to disposable plastic eppis and centrifuged at 10000 g for 10min. Thirdly, a new dilution was prepared using the supernatant that resulted from centrifugation. This new dilution must be much less concentrated in order to be measured by UV-Spectrometry. Lastly, the dilution was taken for analytics in a UV-spectrophotometer, where the absorbance values were measured at 425nm, using disposable plastic cuvettes. Other materials used during the procedure were disposable plastic pipettes, small glass beakers and small glass bottles with lids. The method was repeated three times for each oil, surfactant and mixture stock solution. The dilutions were also repeated three times for higher accuracy in the results. Fig. 1. Scheme showing the solubility test procedure. In order to analyze the data, the maximum values of diluted API in the concentrate were calculated from a calibration line for each of the mixtures (API + concentrate) being tested. The UV-spectrometry measurements were repeated three times for more accurate results. 4.3. Emulsifying capacity evaluation by PDMPD method In the second phase of our formulations study, we wanted to evaluate emulsifying capacity. We used the Phase Diagram by Micro Plate Dilution (PDMPD) method that consists in gradually diluting the oil phase with the water phase in a microtitre plate. The PDMPD method is an efficient and innovative approach that allows time and material savings while creating pseudo ternary phase diagrams for microemulsions and nanoemulsions. Compared with the traditional titration method (drop method), the PDMPD method enables a more exact status description of mixtures in pseudo ternary diagrams. It offers as well the possibility of examining the dilution stages simultaneously on just one microplate (Schmidts et al., 2009). Microemulsion assays consisting of a water phase, an oil phase, and a surfactant phase were prepared on microtiter plates (96 wells) as shown in Fig. 1 and described by Maeder, U., et. al in â€Å"Hardware and software system for automatic microemulsion assay evaluation by analysis of optical properties† (2010) with slight modifications. Fig.1. Filling scheme for the microtiter plates. Inside each well, the upper value corresponds to the water phase and the bottom value to the oil plus surfactant phase. The preparation is described bellow: Firstly, the mixtures of oil and surfactants were prepared by weighing (Sartorius, Scale Extend, model ED2245), adding, and magnetically stirring the chosen oil and surfactant. The magnetic stirring process is done using the IKA RET basic, magnetic stirrer, at speed 480rpm, for one hour, at 21 ºC. To evaluate the five different ratios between one oil and one surfactant five different mixtures were prepared, as shown in Table 1. In total 20 mixtures were tested to assess the following mixtures: Tween80+EO; Tween80+MCT; Tween80+Mig840 and Tween80+(MCT,EO). For more accurate results, each was prepared and tested three times making a total of sixty mixtures made. Oil 1 Phase % Surfactant 1 Phase % Mixture 1 50 50 Mixture 2 40 60 Mixture 3 30 70 Mixture 4 20 80 Mixture 5 10 90 Table 1. Oil1/Surfactant1 mixing ratios Secondly, the wells were filled in two steps: In the first phase, starting in A1 and finishing in D4 the mixture is gradually loaded in the wells using a Pipette Research Plus, 200 µl, and disposable plastic pipette tips, Eppendorf, 200 µl. The filling process must be done with care to avoid air bubbles, which is especially hard with the more viscous oils. If air bubbles are present, the plate is not valid for the study and must be thrown away. In the second step, the aqueous phase is added, starting at D5 with 200ÃŽ ¼l up to A2 with 5ÃŽ ¼l. The microtitre plates used were Thermo Scientific* Nunc Flat Bottom 96-well polystyrene transparent plates with lids, 350 µl/well. The wells E1 to H5 of the same plate were loaded following the same procedure, but with a different mixture (different ratio of the surfactant and oil phase). Following this scheme, two fixed surfactant/oil-ratios can be placed on every plate. Table 2, below, illustrates the distribution. Plates Wells Content 1 A1-D5 Mixture 1 + Water 1 E1-H5 Mixture 2 + Water 2 A1-D5 Mixture 3 + Water 2 E1-H5 Mixture 4 + Water 3 A1-D5 Mixture 5 + Water Table 2. Mixtures distribution by plates Finally, the plates were sealed with their respective lids and were set in a Biometra, Rocking Platform, model WT15, for 16h, at maximum speed, with controlled temperature of 21 ºC. At the end of the 16h, the plates were scanned using a RICOH Aficio, scanner, model MP-C2551 with a pre-prepared marked lid. Each plate was repeated a minimum of three times and in different days. From the analysis of the several repetitions, it was determined which combinations resulted in the formation of microemulsion. This study consisted of observing the scans and attributing a 0 when a well showed turbidity and a 1 when was transparent, and it was possible to see clearly the marked dot on the bottom of the well. Two observers did this analysis and the results were crossed checked. When the sum of the three test was 2 or 3, the preparation was considered an emulsion. When the sum was 0 or 1, it was not considered an emulsion as depicted in Table 3. Table 3. Determination of emulsifying capacity of wells A1-A7 of plates 16, 21 and 25 containing a mixture of Tween80% and Mig840 (1:1). After the determination of emulsifying capacity phase diagrams were built. The software used was Origin Pro 8, by OriginLab Corporation. Fig. 2 shows one of the phase diagrams built. Each red point represents an emulsion formulation identified and each white point a non-emulsion. For each line in the diagram 3 plates were prepared and analyzed. Fig. 2 Phase diagram To develop this method, several pre-tests were made in different conditions. In the first experimental setup the vortex was used to shake 2 overlying plates, as shown on Fig.3, at speeds 3, 2 and 1 and then one single plate at speeds 3, 2 and 1, for 16h. These pre-tests showed unrepeatable results and spilling. Therefore, the method was changed: the vortex was substituted by the rocking platform. Different time periods were also pre-tested. Testing plates were set on the rocking platform for 8h, 9h, 16h, 18h, 20h and 22h. The chosen mixing time was 16h as it was the minimum length time tested for which reproducible results were observed, i.e., 18h, 20h and 22h showed the same results as 16h mixing on the Rocket Platform. Fig. 3 – abandoned experimental setup using vortex and two overlying plates

Death in Emily Dickinsons Because I Could Not Stop for Death, I Heard

Death in Emily Dickinson's "Because I Could Not Stop for Death," "I Heard A Fly Buzz-When I Died," and "I Felt A Funeral In My Brain" Emily Dickinson's poems "Because I Could Not Stop for Death", "I Heard A Fly Buzz-When I Died", and "I Felt A Funeral In My Brain" all deal with one of life's few certainties, death. Dickinson's intense curiosity towards mortality was present in much of her work, and is her legacy as a poet. "Because I could Not Stop for Death" is one of Emily Dickinson's most discussed and famous poems due to its ambiguous, and unique view on the popular subject of death. Death in this poem is told as a woman's last trip, which is headed toward eternity. This poem helps to characterize and bring death down to a more personal level. Different from the more popular views of death being brutal and cruel, Dickinson makes death seem passive and easy. The theme of the poem being that death is natural and unstoppable for everybody, but at the same time giving comfort that it is not the end of a soul's journey. The reader can recognize the poem's theme by analysing its voice, imagery, figures of speech, form, diction and especially symbolism; all of which help the reader to understand the poem's meaning. The precise form that Dickinson uses throughout the poem helps convey her message to the reader. The poem is written in five quatrains. The way in which each stanza is written in a quatrain gives the poem unity and makes it easy to read. "Because I Could Not Stop for Death" starts to gives the reader a feeling of forward movement throughout the second and third quatrain. For example, in line 5, Dickinson begins death's journey with a slow, forward movement, which can be seen as she writes, "We... ...ngs are supposed to go when we die. Or we just assume that we will experience a peaceful extinguishment of life. The persona of these poems signifies that, even though we might have plans about the end, death is uncontrollable and unimaginable. Death is the supreme unknown; Mankind naturally fears what is unknown. Emily Dickinson is no different. Her works "Because I Could Not Stop For Death", "I Heard A Fly Buzz When I Died", and "I Felt A Funeral In My Brain" all explored the subject of death. She was naturally scared of the thought of dying and explored many of the great questions in her poetry. Is there a Heaven or an afterlife? If you kill yourself will you still go to heaven? Is it your fate when you die? These are just some of the questions that people have asked themselves, and because Emily Dickinson is deceased, she now knows all the answers.

The Collector :: essays research papers

Macbeth Essay   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"False face must hide what the false heart doth know.† (I, vii, 82) The quote above signifies him being pushed and pushed into things that were intended for him to accomplish, although these actions creates a world of death and revenge. Macbeth was a victim of his own ambition. In Macbeth tragedy strikes upon Macbeth and causes him to lose his own life in order to live another. Macbeth is not a sympathetic character in that man can control his own destiny and that being pushed into some decision can cost either their life or someone else’s.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the play Macbeth one does not feel sympathetic for Macbeth. He controls his own destiny and lives a life of one man, himself. Rather accepting what he has, Macbeth gets greedy and wants it all. One can not feel sympathetic if the best way to get something is to kill that person or to kill the family of that person. He does change though at the end of the play. One can feel sympathetic for him at the end, when knowing that all hope has come to an end, he fights for something else than himself. He fights till the death but loses at the end. Also one can feel for him because of many nagging things going on in his head, including his wife and the three witches. Knowing the thought that he can become king, Lady Macbeth influences Macbeth to many things that soon cause a great deal of pain and suffering. â€Å"If you can look into the seeds of time and say which grain will grow and which will not, speak then to me.† (I, iii, 59-60) The quote is from Banquo who states if the witches can look into the future then tell him of what happens in the next coming. Macbeth has some control over his own destiny. He soon learns that from the witches foretelling him of his future. He learns that not only will he become Thane of Cawdor but also King. His â€Å"destiny† is soon thrown into the hands of Lady Macbeth, who in many people’s eyes believes she is the controller of Macbeth. Macbeth’s own actions show that he can control his own destiny. He could have never killed King Duncan, but pressure from his wife and the future telling him that he will be King seduces Macbeth into wanting more than what he has.

Physics 122 Midterm (Fall 2010)

University of Waterloo Department of Physics & Astronomy Physics 121 – Midterm Fall 2010 Instructors: Dr. Robert Mann (sections 2,3) Dr. Guenter Scholz (section 1) Date: November 4 , 2009 Time: 19:00-21:00 Duration: 2 hours (120 minutes) rh Instructions Important: Write your name and student ID on each page. If necessary you may use the back of the page to continue your answer but not the back of the previous page. The pages may be separated as part of the marking process. 5 questions constitute a complete paper. Each question is of equal value. All questions will be counted.The last page contains some constants and formula that may be useful. You may remove and keep this page as a souvenir. Aids Permitted calculator writing implements Question Points Score 1 2 3 4 5 6 Total: 20 20 20 20 20 20 1. a Up, up, and away [15] A balloonist can’t resist throwing a drink to another balloonist. The ‘thrower’ is moving at v = -15j m/min while the ‘catcherâ€℠¢ is moving at v = 15j m/min. At the instance the former throws the drink the ‘catcher’ is at (3i – 10j) m from the ‘thrower’. If the throw is horizontal, at what speed does the drink need to be thrown to be caught? 1. Logging [10] Estimate, via a reasonable calculation, the number of trees that need to be cut down to supply the pulp for one day’s edition of the major newspaper â€Å"The Record† in Kitchener-Waterloo2. Circus performance A pivoting pulley hanging from the center tent top allows a lady artist (m = 40 kg) to rotate freely while her partner (M = 100 kg) supports her via a rope over the pulley. he rope length, measured from the pulley, holding the rotating artist is 3. 0 m and the helper is not accelerating. [4] (a) Draw a Free Body Diagram of each performer and the pulley; clearly indicate the forces. 5] (b) What is the tension in the rope? [5] (c) At what angle, with respect to the vertical, is the lady’s supportin g rope? [6] (d) What is the period (time for one revolution) of her revolution? 3. Going Fishing Because of inclement weather, a boater needs to travel as quickly as possible across a channel from a fishing spot at ‘A’ to the harbour at ‘B’. The harbour is 10. 0 km East and 15 km North of his fishing spot. A tide is flowing at 3. 0 km/hr 45 to the South of East, and the boat’s speed is 8. 00 km/hr relative to the water.B A [5] (a) What is the heading of the boater for the shortest trip? clearly indicate this angle on an appropriate diagram) [5] (b) Find the boat’s speed relative to the shore. [5] (c) What is the shortest time for the trip? [5] (d) If there were no tide, how much time would the trip require? m F 4. Blocked Up M ! A small block of mass m rests on the incline of a wedge of mass M and angle ! , whose coefficient of static friction is  µ. The wedge is on a frictionless surface. [8] (a) If m = 1 kg and M = 20 kg, what is the minim um force, F, you need to apply to the wedge that will prevent the small block from sliding down the slope if  µ =0 and ! 45 o ? [12] (b) For general values of m, M ,! and  µ, find the minimum force that you need to apply to the wedge that will cause the small block to just begin to move up the slope. 5. Piano Moving Doofus and Diligent are moving a piano of mass M = 300 kg using the pulley system shown in the diagram. The rope around the pulley holding the piano, is tied to the axle of the top pulley which in turn is fastened to the ceiling. Diligent is holding the rope at the left, suspending the piano 10 metres above the ground. [4] (a) Draw free-body diagrams of the piano and of each pulley.Be sure to include all relevant forces. [7] (b) How much force is Diligent applying to keep the piano suspended? [6] (c) Doofus tries to help Diligent by climbing onto the upper platform and taking the rope off of the hook attaching the uppermost pulley to the platform, thinking he can hel p pull from there. How much force must he exert to keep the piano suspended? [3] (d) Doofus finds that he cannot support the weight and lets go of the rope. How long does Diligent have to dodge the piano before it hits the ground? 6. Safety First Doofus and Diligent are going to a party.They each buckle themselves in with seatbelts Diligent is hold a 25 kg keg of beer on his lap while Doofus drives. [4] (a) While travelling 60 km/hr, Doofus has to make an emergency stop over a distance of 45 m. How much force will Diligent's arms have to exert on the keg during this deceleration period so that it stays on his lap? [4] (b) The trip continues and the car turns a corner onto a highway, going at 90 km/hr. Suddenly Doofus sees a car heading toward them. He panics, locking the brakes and veering off to the right onto a very steep and muddy road allowance with a grade of 35%.The car slides up this nearly frictionless hill and comes to a stop at a cliff edge. How much distance does it cover ? [7] (c) From the top of this cliff they can see the location of the party a 2 kilometers east and 1000 meters above where they are. Diligent wants to walk the rest of the way, but Doofus proposes to use the motorized hang-glider in the back of the car to fly over there with the keg. He says he can fly straight there with a speed of 40 km/hr using its 6 horsepower motor, and sets off with the keg.While he is getting ready, Diligent, knowing that a horsepower is 750 Watts, calculates how much mass the glider can carry. He looks at the package and sees that air buoyancy alone can always support the glider as long as it is not carrying anything; but Doofus weighs 75 kg. Can Doofus carry the keg this way? [5] (d) As Doofus takes off, Diligent shouts out how slow he must fly to get to the party. What does he shout?. Useful Formulae Kinematics (a=const) Work, WKE, Power ! ! ! 1! r2 = r1 + v1 (t2 ! t1 ) + a (t2 ! t1 ) 2 2 ! ! ! v2 = v1 + a (t 2 ! t1 ) ! ! W = F † ! = Fx ! x + Fy ! y + Fz ! z (constant force) ! ! ! 2 v2 ! v12 = 2a † (r2 ! r1 ) Circular Motion K= 1 2 mv 2 Kinetic energy Wnet = K f † K i = ! K ar = ac = v2 r at = dv dt (uniform motion) P= P= !W ! t ! ! dr ! ! dW =F! = F ! v dt dt T U = 2! r dist = speed v Newton’s Laws ! F net = ! F = ma ! ! F12 = ! F21 ! ! Fg = mg Math ! ! ? A + B = ( Ax + Bx )i + ( Ay + B y ) ? j ! ! A ! B = Ax Bx + Ay B y Fs (x) = ! kx sin 2 ! + cos 2 ! = 1 f s ! f s ,max =  µ s n f k = µ k n Relative Motion sin A sin B sin C = = a b c a 2 = b 2 + c 2 ! 2bc cos A ! ! ! v AB = v A ! vB

Henry Moore Analysis Essay

Henry Moore was born 30. 07. 1898 and lived for 88 years. Moore would have prioritised his art over his academic study. After numerous visits to the ethnographic collections of the British museum, Europian modernist; i. e Picasso, Arp, Brancusi and Giacometti became influences. Uniting these inspirations was a deeply felt humanist. He often used abstract form to draw comparisons between the human body and landscapes. Moore’s images of figures sheltering in London subway stations sheltering during World War II are still loved. Moore loves drawing from the human figure ‘studied it for half my life’ he quoted. Moore believes that our bodies help us understand nature and are the biggest influence on art. ‘If our bodies were the sizes of elephants, the whole scale of architecture and art would be different. ’ Moore loves landscape as well as figures, ‘if landscape was different, all of our lives would be different. You can’t get away from nature. ’ He believes that it is ridiculous for something to have no real connection to real life and nature. During the 1930’s, Moore became experimental with abstract and was inspired by surrealism. Surrealism shaped his mature style; it encouraged his love for biomorphic forms and also suggested how the figure could be split into parts and reduced to essentials. Henry Moore takes natural/ realistic things and uses abstract form to rearrange and magnify them to show hidden quality. Moore’s etchings are quality to viewers because of the expression and liveliness they carry each appropriate to what the image is. In the 1960s Henry Moore became so intrigues by the skull of an African elephant kept in the garden of his friends that eventually they gave the skull to him, Moore examined the object’s internal and external features through a number of etchings. When Moore published these works, he called them â€Å"a mixture of observation and imagination,† as while he studied and drew the skull up close he â€Å"could begin to see in it great deserts and rocky landscapes, big caves in the sides of hills, great pieces of architecture, columns and dungeons. What we know as hidden qualities. This is an etching from Henry Moore’s elephant skull portfolio. Concaved and convex areas are shown through darker and lighter tones; he creates the darker tones with lots of dark lines (using cross hatch perhaps), however, in the lighter areas, Moore uses less lines going in the appropriate direction to the shape of the image. The direction of each line is very important, if Moore wanted to enhance a certain part of the image or give it 3D quality, he could use the directions of lines according. Moore uses lines varying in shape, length and direction; this makes his etchings expressive, free and lively but organised enough to make sense. This makes his work incredibly effective to look at. This piece has great definition in shape thanks to the directions of his lines, the amount of lines also make it look so effortless which proves that Moore is being expressive; this gives huge effect to the viewer. The composition in this etching of Moore’s is a centre view with a slight side angle on the elephant skull, looking at his other etchings of this skull, the front is not the most detailed but it is not the least effective. It gave Moore opportunity to show expression and freedom in the directions and shapes of his lines. The eye is taken up through the centre to the eye sockets of the skull, this is because Moore’s lines are directing towards that centre line which is directing to the cows eye sockets. It is a full frame therefore the skull is the main focus of the etching as there is no detailed background. Moore’s work doesn’t vary in colour. He uses natural tones (black, grey and white), these give a simple, earthy look of the natural world. This is more than appropriate towards the etchings in which Moore creates, as it keeps them realistic and not too abstract even though they do deceptively have abstract features and hidden qualities within them. Moore still has the ability to represent warmth and coldness in his etchings despite the lack of colour; as the colder etchings i. e. the elephant skull have less heavy lines to create the cold affect, whereas warmer etchings i. e. his etchings of figures sheltering in the subway create a warm affect for the viewer. The lack of bright colour in Moore’s work is effective, keeps it unique, extremely recognisable and still keeps the sense of reality and natural world Moore believes in.

Australian Cultural Identity

The Australian poet Bruce Dawe was one of the first Australian poets to recognise the average Australian as one who neither lives in the country or in the centre of a metropolis but in the middle class suburbs that expand outward from the cities. He writes for the great middle mass of Australian population about matters of social, political and cultural interests. Though Dawe is well aware of the sense of the ironic in city and suburban life in Australia that not all is well in the average Australian’s life in suburbia.Bruce Dawe poems often concern’s the average Australian people in the suburbs confronting their everyday problems, he observes and records the sorrow and hardships of average people struggling to survive. Our cultural identity even a stereotypical view of Australian’s is that we’re laconic, anti authority and we live in egalitarian society. Bruce Dawe’s views on Australian cultural identity are represented in ‘Life Cycle’ ‘Up The Wall’ and ‘Homo Suburbiensis’. ‘Life Cycle’ represents the proud and passionate nature of Australian people especially at sporting events.Life Cycle is obviously about Australian Rules Football and football team’s supporters from when they are young to when they are old. Their feeble passion for their club when they are young â€Å"Carn, Carn they Cry †¦feebly at first’ to when they are old and proud and passionate supporters. They are brought up from the beginning with football in their blood, when they play football and win they are praised and showered with glory but when they lose they are shunned by proud parents.Dawe is well aware of the excesses, the lunacies of the Australian Rules supporter but the poem is not attacking what might appear to be an Australian social evil. Dawe borrows many liturgical statements to emphasise the passion of Australian Rules followers. â€Å"They will not grow old as those from more Northern States grow old’ borrowed from Binyon’s â€Å"To the Fallen† links in with the patriotic Anzacs who fought against the odds with pride and dignity. The football followers are patriotic about their team and the true followers support their team through thick and thin.On the football field race and ethnicity mean nothing it is forgotten, physical prowess and class of the player dictate people’s views on the player. You would love him or hate him depending on which team you followed. A strong image of an Australian society that is proud and passionate is represented in ‘Life Cycle’ but sometimes this pride and passion is taken to seriously and it can ruin the sport and turn it into something of a social evil. Bruce Dawe in ‘Life Cycle’ represents the football as a culture, a religion, away of life for many Australian people.Sport in Australia is significantly more popular then in most places in the world as Bruce Dawe said when he commented on ‘Life Cycle’ â€Å"I think all Australians have something of a predisposition to treat sport as being just a bit more religious than in other places’. Just looking at the newspapers and it’s obvious that football dominates the sport section it is Australia’s national game an icon that only Australian’s know. Bruce Dawe recognises how significant sport in particular Australian Rules is to the average Australian it is away of life a culture.Chicken Smallhorn a former Fitzroy wingman that gained god like status among the Fitzroy followers for his exploits on the football field, â€Å"Chicken Smallhorn return like maize-god in a thousand shapes, the dancers changing† Like race and ethnicity religion is forgotten on the football field, all players and supporters have one religion or aim rather to win the Grand Final and place their hands on the premiership trophy, the holy grail of football. Like a religion the s upporters hope for salvation, whenever their team is losing and having a terrible season they hope their clubs season will change they remain optimistic.â€Å"Having seen the six-foot recruit from Eaglehawk their hope for salvation† The true supporters remain through the slumps of their club they believe in their club it is their religion. The poem ‘Homo Suburbiensis’ represents a classical suburban household set on a quarter-acre block with a flower garden and lawn in front and a vegetable garden with lawn at the back. Dawes view of Australian cultural identity is that where people live in the typical Australian suburbs where it is an egalitarian society which is laidback and laconic.The imagery suggests that Dawe is both celebrating suburbia, while in some ways puts down the suburban householders dreams The rich smell of â€Å"compost† and â€Å"rubbish†. The space taken vastly by overcrowds dry land with drying plants represent the overcrowding o f suburbia. His thoughts are lost escaping the pressures that comes with life. The traffic unescapable to his mind. Dawe shows a sympathetic look towards this person â€Å"lost in a green confusion†, as even in the retreat of his backyard he still cannot escape the lifestyle of suburbs.Though in comparison to a woman’s life in the suburbs it is significantly better. The peace, beauty of nature and freedom he encounters in is backyard allows him to relax in his middle class life. To be ordinary in Australia, whether in the suburbs or in the city, is the norm for men to hide their concerns and troubles. The image of green beauty, fertile and fecard backyard and the man admiring his backyard in middle class suburbia represents the laconic laidback attitude and the peace he encounters in his backyard.This is a good example of an ordinary life, as this particular person needs to escape the pressures, which highlight â€Å"TIME, PAIN, LOVE, HATE, AGE, EMOTION, and LAUGHTERà ¢â‚¬ . All which are present and Dawe makes that aware of an ordinary Australian life. Being achieved in his back yard. Representative of a modest life but a life lived fully in suburbia. A clear image in ‘Homo Suburbiensis’ is of your typical Australian bloke, who comes home after work and relaxes in his backyard as the sunsets. This is part of the Australian dream to come home after work do a nice family and relax in the outdoors in a peaceful backyard in suburbia.Bruce Dawe himself was once portrayed as an ordinary bloke with a difference, an Australian ‘Ocker’ who believes in the simple things in life. Dawe maintains that there is one constant value in an unstable world where politics play a major role. The man is a suburban householder with an ordinary Australian life standing alone in his backyard on a quiet evening among his vegetables. Dawe understand the ordinary life of a man as when he was younger he didn’t hold a regular job and ‘k nocked around’ giving him a rich experience of the occupations of an ordinary man.He also understands the language of the common man and writes in simple everyday language. The laconic wit of the ordinary working-man, backyard speech patterns combined with Dawes own flair for word play allowed him to create the everyday common Australian in such poems as ‘Homo Suburbiensis’. The typical male in suburbia is that of a middle class white Anglo-Saxon with little religious believes but most probably Christian backgrounds. Though this means little in suburbia where everyone is even in their backyard admiring the beauty and peace of Australia.While life is predominantly easy and peaceful for the male life can be significantly harder for women in suburbia. In ‘Up the Wall’ the middle class housewife life is illustrated as hard irritating work. Her isolation is emphasised in the second stanza with the repetition of ‘she says’ this represents the vacuum in which her speech occurs. Her husband similar to the male in ‘Homo Suburbiensis’ is at work all day remains in his masculine world at home within the suburbs offers little help and pays little attention to his wife. There is little sense of community and support within the Australian suburbs.The male voice only appears in the concluding couplet where the final powerful appraisal is made of the poems content. The domestic life of the housewife after he has spoken the matter ends. This structure replicates the power of the masculine head of the household all be it in the 160’s but we still live in a patriarchal society. It also reveals the disjuncture between the masculine and feminine worlds and how little he appreciates what his wife goes through each day. The presence of his ‘fraud’ contrasts heavily with her aloneness.The Cultural identity for women and men varies; men are laidback laconic ‘ockers’ while women are middle class housewives without a job. The structure and form of ‘Up the Wall’ allows us to sympathise with the housewife’s life in the suburbs. Dawe uses the Shakespearean sonnet form ironically; the readers expectations of the form as a portrayal of love are dismantled just as the reader’s assumption about marriage are overturned. The iambic pentameter is used to represent the restriction; monotony and tension of a suburban housewife live in the 160’s.It also challenges the reader’s expectations as we sympathise with her as she struggles through everyday while her anger and tension rises. Other poetic techniques such as caesura and enjambment are used also to represent the constant interruption to her day and the rising anger and tension she feels in her repetitious life in suburbia. She has little cultural identity just one of a middle class suburban housewife in 160’s Australia. The average Australian living in the middle class suburbs that ex pands outward from the cities has a strong cultural identity.Dawe represent Australia as a suburban based country with strong links to sport while being laconic and laidback. Men enjoy a laconic lifestyle enjoying sport while women have a less enjoyable lifestyle suffering from the stress and tension of being a middle class housewife in suburbia. Bruce Dawe writes poems for these ordinary Australian’s about matters that interest them such as political, social and cultural concerns. Dawe celebrates aspects of urban and suburban life while also satirically criticising suburbia, where Dawe believes the heart of Australian cultural identity can be found, suburbia.